跨界搜寻与商业模式创新的关系——吸收能力的视角

A Research on Relationship between Boundary-Spanning Search and Business Mode Innovation: Perspective from Absorptive Capacity

知识是组织创新的核心资产,而跨界搜寻是跨越组织边界、获取异质性知识的有效途径,也是实现知识转移和知识吸收的重要前置阶段。基于创新搜寻理论和知识超模理论,本文基于市场知识和技术知识的差异,从吸收能力的视角研究跨界搜寻与商业模式创新之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)技术知识跨界搜寻对商业模式创新有显著正向影响,而市场知识跨界搜寻对商业模式创新存在倒U型影响;(2)技术知识跨界搜寻和市场知识跨界搜寻的交互效应对商业模式创新存在正向影响;(3)吸收能力分别在技术知识跨界搜寻和市场知识跨界搜寻与商业模式创新之间起到了部分中介作用,并且完全中介了市场知识跨界搜寻与技术知识跨界搜寻的交互效应对商业模式创新之间的正向关系。

Facing the dramatic change of competition environment, the traditional innovation model of enterprises is more and more prone to fall into ＂competency trap＂, ＂rigid core competence＂ and ＂innovators＇ dilemma＂ and so on. For this reason, the modern enterprise is more and more emphasis on boundary-spanning search for external heterogeneous knowledge, deploy the open innovation mode drive organization to the external market channel, namely advocate within the enterprise actively search outside for the innovative ideas and make it commercialization rapidly. Boundary-spanning search as an important way of the heterogeneity knowledge input of enterprise is the progress spread both internal and external organizational boundaries, across the whole innovation process system, to implemente the process of knowledge exploration, memory, and development. Existing studies have shown that bounda- ry-spanning search of the enterprise provides a multi-level and multi-channel new methods and new ideas to solve the problem of bottleneck, is to improve the ambidextrous competence, to solve the key points of manufacturing enterprise service innovation dilemma, and the effective ways to overcome the disadvantage of backwardness enterprise to achieve innovation catching up. From the perspective of strategy resource acquisition, boundary-spanning search is no longer a pure knowledge assets acquisition strategy, but has become the third effective path of enhance competi- tive advantage after research and development and external M ＆ A strategy. Knowledge is the core assets of organization for its innovation performance, and boundary-spanning search is an effective path that across organizational boundaries to access heterogeneous knowledge, and is the important front stage to realize the knowledge transfer and absorption. Existing studies of boundary-spanning search just from the breadth and depth of knowledge search, and from the perspective of space distance of the remote search and local search to study the effects on innovation performance, and few studies explore the search for knowledge category. In addition, the existing literature shows that search and transformation are two key mechanism of enterprise acquiring external knowledge resources, but innovation and search for related research often implicitly assume that automatically to realize in the process of searching for knowledge transfer, and less on knowledge search process and subsequent reconstruction process. Finally, the existing research shows that absorptive capacity of enterprise is the key factor to realize knowledge to create, but mostly from the perspective of the moderation effect of absorptive capacity its between external knowledge search and innovation performance. Based on the theory of innovation search and knowledge supermodularity theory, and according to the differences between market knowledge and technical knowledge, from the perspective of absorptive capacity, this research examines the relationship between boundary-spanning search and business mode innovation. The results show that： （1） technical knowledge boundary-spanning search has a significant positive effect on business mode innovation, and market knowledge boundary-spanning search has a inverted U shape influence on business mode innovation; [2） the interactive effect of technological knowledge boundary-spanning search and market knowledge boundary- 3panning search has positive influence on business model innovation ; （3） absorptive capacity play as a partial internediary variable between technological knowledge boundary-spanning search and market knowledge boundary-span- ring search and business model innovation respectively, and complete mediated the relationship between the interac- ive effect of technological knowledge boundary-spanning search and market knowledge boundary-spanning search m business model innovation.