国外旅游研究知识体系演变与共现

The Evolution and Co-occurrence of the Foreign Tourism Research Knowledge System

既有文献有少量以关键词为研究对象来探讨国内旅游研究相关信息,然而鲜见对国外旅游研究知识体系的研究。本文以国外旅游学术刊物影响因子及引用率排名最前的《Annals of Tourism Research》和《Tourism Management》1986—2015年载文的书写关键词为研究对象,采用文献计量法及内容分析法,历时性与共时性交替贯穿于研究中,通过可视化软件"引文空间分析"进行数据统计分析,籍此演绎国外旅游研究知识体系。研究结果显示:(1)旅游研究知识体系演变呈现宽泛—收缩,其本质是旅游研究知识体系的演变脉络逐渐清晰,其演变呈现"稳中有变""稳优于变"及"热点不再—热点演进—热点连贯"的特点;(2)构建了由旅游研究主要内容、旅游研究地理区域和旅游研究方法组成的国外旅游研究知识体系共现框架。最后,较为细致地探讨国内外旅游业及旅游研究发展历程、旅游研究主要内容、旅游研究地理区域、旅游研究方法的异同,以期为深化国内旅游研究提供借鉴与启示。

researching the keywords and co-occurrence words in the academic papers to deduct dlsclphne hotspots, frontier issues and knowledge system is common practices of academic research in recent years. It has been used in various research disciplines, especially in the fields of information science, communication science and library science. It has Also made fruitful achievements. There are a few studies on the subject of keywords a- bout domestic tourism related information, but little research on the foreign knowledge system evolution and construction. The article sets the keywords in the 《Annals of Tourism Research》 （《ATR》）and 《Tourism Management》 （《TM》）as the research object from 1986 to 2015, and employs the bibliometric visualization software Citespace for statistical analysis. Combining content analysis, this artide compared the evolution of tourism research knowledge system from 1986 to 1995, 1996 to 2005 and 2006 to 2015, and eventually co-occurrence the tourism research knowledge system from 1986 to 2015, taking this to deduct the foreign tourism research knowledge system. The results show： （1） Through the comparative research on the knowledge map nodes, links, density, arborescence in the three tourism research stages, we can know that the evolution is from broad to shrink; its essence is the evolu- tion of the tourism research knowledge system is gradually clear; the research fields in the second and the third stage are gradually shrink. Tourism research knowledge system hotspots - hotspots coherence＂ characteristics, and the 13, 10, evolution presents ＂hotspots no longer-evolution of 12 single high frequency keywords in the three sta- ges indicate the tourism research hotspots changes in a period of 10 years （hotspots no longer）. The six high frequency keywords of the first and second stages and the seven high-frequency keywords of the second and third stages indicate the tourism research hotspot evolution in a period of 10 years; the nine high frequency keywords run- ning through the three stages are the tourism research hotspots in the past 30-year （hotspots coherence）. （2） Based on the 30 years high-frequency keywords and knowledge map key nodes, We in-depth analyse the inner link of these high frequency keywords, fully consider the internal mechanism of the tourism research knowl- edge system, combining with the research content of published articles of these words, to construct the tourism re- search knowledge system co-occurrence framework, including the main research contents of tourists and destination residents, tourism development and investment, tourism destination, tourism marketing, tourism and hospitality management, tourism types, tourism research geography region and tourism research methods. At last, the article discusses the results presented by the selection of research objects, research methods and the research in detail. First of all, based on the keywords in the published articles of 《ATR》 and 《TM》, the collected data, the adopted analysis, the presented results and the final conclusions under this perspective have certain knowledge contribution to tourism research. Secondly, the guiding ideology of the research is the dialectical philos- ophy thinking of ＂from the point one can see the plane, from the plane one can see the point＂, through the ＂point＂--keywords in the published articles to present the ＂plane＂--tourism research knowledge system, and the analysis of the presented tourism research knowledge is mainly ＂from the plane one can see the point＂, especially the analysis on the co-occurrence framework of knowledge system tourism research, use the ＂plane＂--co-occur- rence framework to explain the ＂points＂ content, region, methods. Finally, the co-occurrence framework of tourism research knowledge system constructed by the classification of high frequency keywords, the divisions are not absolute, the bases are mainly the inner mechanism of the knowledge system, the inner connection of the words and the research contents of the articles, some words （knowledge） are crossing and integrating, just like the different paradigms of humanities and social science are crossing and integrating, are different from the opposition and mutual exclusion of the different paradigms of natural science.