我国居民财富集中趋势与调控对策

Household Wealth Concentration in China and Its Regulatory Measures

我国30多年经济持续高速增长的同时,居民财富差距也日益拉大,财富不平等成为现今中国的重大经济和社会问题。我国居民财富日趋集中,不仅居民收入差距走向财富集中,而且居民财富集中趋势拉大了财富差距。出现财富集中和财富差距过大是诸多因素共同作用的结果,比如"市场失灵"、税收调控不力、资本和房地产市场失范、隐性收入大量汇集于富裕阶层。财富差距拉大降低了普通居民生活质量,削弱了普通劳动者地位,降低了资源配置效率,促使社会失信与腐败。遏制财富集中与调节财富重在改革收入与财富税制,建立居民经济账户及信息系统,改革收入分配,缩小财富差距,促进财富公平。

The last thirty years witnessed not only lasting rapid economic growth but increasingly wider wealth gap. Unbalanced wealth distribution has nowadays become a significant economic and social issue. The accumulative effect of income gap has massively contributed to wealth concentration, while the latter has enlarged the income gap. Wealth concentration and undue wealth gap result from the common effect of multiple factors such as market mechanism malfunction, ineffective tax regulation, anomie in capital and real estate markets, and invisible income concentrated among the rich. They will lower residents' life quality, weaken the social status of common workers, reduce the effectiveness of resources distribution, and breed credit absence and corruption. Containing ongoing wealth concentration and narrowing wealth gap lies in reforming income and wealth taxation, establishing residents' income account and credit system, improving income distribution, narrowing wealth gap and promoting wealth equity.