认知突显视阈下英汉多义动词对比研究——基于语料的“run/跑”为例

THE COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON ENGLISH AND CHINESE POLYSEMOUS VERBS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COGNITIVE SALIENCE——TAKING THE WORD “RUN/PAO” OF CORPUS AS AN EXAMPLE

动词表征事件,涉及到事件主体、方式、结果等因素,不同因素的突显是多义性产生的动因。基于认知语言学的图形背景以及运动事件理论,以英汉多义动词"run/跑"为例,两者都在共性突显运动目的、速度和结果方面延伸出了基本相同的义项;但是英语"run"在时间、位移、状态、路线,而汉语"跑"则在方式、方向方面进行个性突显,使两者有了不同的义项。同时由于英语"run"比汉语"跑"在突显时延伸出的语义更加具体,因而比汉语有更多的义项。

Verbs can represent events which involve motion subjects, manners, results etc. and the salience of different elements motivates the emergence of various meanings. Under the figure-ground of cognitive linguistic and motion event theory,taking the English and Chinese polysemous verb ＂run/pao as an example, they both drive similar senses in the common highlighting of purpose, speed and result of the motion. But ＂run＂has different senses in time, distance, state and course while＂pao＂ in the manner and the direction. Besides,＂run＂ has more specific meanings than ＂pao＂ in salience. Therefore, ＂run＂ has more senses than Chinese ＂pao＂.