新生儿视网膜病变的危险因素分析与随访调查

Analysis of Risk Factors and Follow-up Survey of Neonatal Retinopathy

目的:分析本地区新生儿视网膜病变(ROP)的危险因素与随访调查情况。方法:选择在本院新生儿科住院的276例早产儿作为研究对象(胎龄在36孕周及以下,出生体重在2500 g及以下),在其出生后2周开始对其进行视网膜病变的筛查,对其眼底进行定期的眼底镜检查,并进行随访。采用Logistic多元回归分析进行ROP危险因素的分析。结果:276例早产生中ROP者17例(28眼),发生率为6.2%和5.1%,其中ROP1期70.6%(12/17),2期17.6%(3/17),3期11.8%(2/17)。Logistic回归分析结果显示:ROP的发生与早产儿的胎龄、吸氧浓度、吸氧持续时间、接受机械通气治疗等几项因素密切相关(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿ROP发生的根本原因为早产,其主要危险因素包括胎龄小、吸氧浓度高、吸氧持续时间长以及进行机械通气治疗。建立完善且有效的ROP筛查制度,及早发现和治疗ROP,对于改善患儿的预后具有至关重要的意义。

Objective： To analyze the risk factors and do follow-up survey of neonatal retinopathy （ ROP ） . Method： 276 premature infants hospitalized newborn department of pediatrics in our hospital were selected as the study objects （gestational age≤36 weeks, birth weight ≤ 2500 g ）, all patients were screened for retinopathy at the beginning of the 2 week after birth periodic funduscopic examination and follow-up.The risk factors of ROP were analyzed by Logistic multiple regression analysis.Result： 276 cases of early ROP were 17 eases （ 28 eyes ）, the incidence rate was 6.2% and 5.1%, of which 70.6% （ 12/17 ） in period 1, 17.6% （ 3/17 ） in period 2, 11.8% （ 2/17 ） in period 3.Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of ROP was closely related to the age of the premature infants, concentration of oxygen, duration of oxygen inhalation, and the treatment of mechanical Ventilation （ P〈0.05 ） .Conclusion： The basic cause of neonatal ROP is premature, the main risk factors include small gestational age, high oxygen concentration, long duration of oxygen inhalation and mechanical ventilation. Establishing a sound and effective ROP screening system can help early detection and treatment of ROP, it is vital significance for improving the prognosis of children with ROP.