从歪嘴秦童看傩戏面具的变形与异出

Transformation and Alienation of the Nuo Opera Mask in the Case of the Wry-mouthed Qin Tong

傩戏面具是傩仪与戏剧表演相结合的民俗艺术形式,造型不同的面具能直观地表现出不同的角色性格。在傩戏中,有一类面具的造型,以歪嘴秦童为代表,通过嘴的变形和扭曲的脸部特征展现面具所代表的角色个性与神采。它们形成了一种特殊的造型系列,亦并非傩戏所独有。从角色系列与符码意涵、人神异出与世俗投映层面考察以秦童为代表的傩戏面具的构造细节及其角色之间圣俗衍递的互动关系,有助于我们进一步了解面具之于傩戏的类型学意义,认知面具之于人类异质同构的原型思维机制。

The Nuo opera mask is a form of folk art that is combined with the Nuo rites and the opera per- formance. Different profiled masks can explicitly express different personalities of the roles. There is a genre of mask in the Nuo opera represented by the wry - mouthed Qin Tong which interprets the personality and spirit of the role through distorted mouth and facial features. These masks have formed a special figuring se- ries which is not only found in the Nuo opera. Investigation of the figuring details and the interactive rela- tionships of the sacred - secular transmission among the roles of the Nuo opera masks represented by the Qin Tong from the aspects of role series, connotation of codes, human - god alienation and secular projection, is helpful for us to deepen the understanding of the meaning of typology of the mask for Nuo opera and to know the heterogeneous isomorphism prototype of thinking mechanism of the masks as against human.