2016年初强寒潮对台湾海峡及其邻近海域影响分析

Analysis of the influence of early 2016 strong cold wave in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters

基于实况天气图分析2016年1月21—26日大规模影响台湾海峡及其邻近海域寒潮的类型、源地以及发展,并通过海上观测浮标的海洋气象资料分析寒潮影响期间的风、浪分布特征,得出以下结论:(1)此次寒潮过程是一次典型的中路冷空气过程,根据浮标监测数据显示,影响福建海域的6级及以上东北大风维持时间最长为66h,4.0m及以上灾害性海浪最长维持45h;(2)台湾海峡普遍出现8—9级阵风和10级的北-东北风。海峡南北气压差最大值达10.3hPa。由于受到台湾岛地形影响,过程的大风区主要集中的海峡东岸和台湾岛东侧海域,最大风速达21.6m/s;(3)海峡中北部海域在寒潮影响期间存在明显海浪低值区,大浪区在海峡南部形成伸入海峡的"舌"状结构,受东北大风影响,海峡东岸的浪高明显高于海峡西岸。讨论认为受台湾岛地形影响,寒潮大规模影响期间海峡北部存在风向、浪向切变,且寒潮冷中心进一步南下,导致海峡北部浪高明显减小和海峡南部浪高显著增大。

January 21 to 26, 2016, a strong cold wave arrived in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea waters. Based on the weather map, the type, origin and development of the strong cold wave happened in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea water from 21 to 26 January, 2016, were analyzed. The distribution characteristics of wind and wave during this process were derived from the data of buoys and numerical prediction product. The results are as follows：（1） the strong cold wave is a typical middle cold air invasion process. The longest time of the strong NE wind higher than 6 grades or more continued unabated for 66 hours; The longest time of the disastrous waves when the wave height reached 4 meters or more continued unabated for 45 hours;（2） N-NW wind 8 to 9 levels, rafale 10 levels appeared constantly in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea waters. Gale area of the cold wave mainly concentrated in the east coast of the strait and the east side of Taiwan Island, the maximum wind speed reached 21.6 m/s; （3） The low value regions were observed in the central and north of the area when the cold wave arrived. The large wave area liking tongue appeared in the south of the Taiwan Strait. By the NE wind, the wave height in the east coast of the Strait was significantly higher than that in the west. The reason is that the wind and wave direction has sheared when the strong cold wave arrived by the topography of Taiwan Island. When the cold center went down, the wave height in the north decreased obviously, while the wave height in the south increased distinctly.