从王弼到郭象:论魏晋玄学本体论的流变

From Wang Bi to Guo Xiang:On the Ontology's evolvement of Wei-jin metaphysics

魏晋时期,玄学本体论经历了多重转变。王弼主"以无为本",视"无"为本体意义上的逻辑设定;阮籍、嵇康承续汉代元气论传统,前者坚持"气本体论"观点,后者主张"气本源论"思想,但都肯定了气为生化本根和依据;郭象在指摘"贵无论"和"本源论"思想的基础上提出"崇有论",具有逻辑上的批判总结意义。与本体论的演进有所不同,玄学家的精神追求是逐渐凸显个我的过程,且呈现趋下、堕化的倾向。由最初高明玄远的追求,逐步导向个体自我欲求的张扬。这种精神追求的走向和本体论的转变密切相关,有力揭示了形上致思予精神追求的重要影响。

During the period of Wei-jin, the metaphysical ontology experienced a multiple transformation process. Wang Bi maintained ＂Wu＂ was the logic of ontology,and put it as the basis of everything; Ruan Ji and Ji Kang＇s theory inherited the traditional of the ＂Vigourism＂ of Han dynasty, the former insisted the ＂Qi Ontology ＂ thought, the latter advocated ＂Qi Source＂ theory, all of them considered that ＂Qi＂ was the fundamental and basis of everything;on the basis of criticism the ＂Gui Wu＂ and the ＂ Origin Theory ＂. Guo Xiang put forward the ＂Chong You＂ thought, which was the significance of criticism and summary on the logical. Different from ontology＇s evolvement, it argued the philosophers＂ spiritual pursuit was a gradual process of highlighting the irtdividual ego, which presented a downward and falling tendency. The tendency of the pursuit was from the original pursuit of being profound, and step by step to individual desires. The tendency was related to the transition of the ontology, powerfully revealing that the metaphysical thought has a great influence on spiritual pursuit.