老年人轻度认知功能障碍的危险因素分析

目的：探讨杭州地区＆gt;70岁老年人轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）的流行病学特征及相关危险因素，以期早期预防与干预。方法随机调查2015年4月至10月年龄＆gt;70岁老年人217例，并采用蒙特利尔量表（MoCA）对入选老年人进行一对一访谈。结果 MCI的检出率为63.6%（138/217）。MCI和认知正常组在受教育程度（P〈0.001）、婚姻状况（P=0.002）、高血压病史（P〈0.001）、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（P=0.005）差异均有统计学意义。二元Logistic回归分析显示，低教育程度（OR=4.6，95%CI2.192~9.679，P〈0.001）、无配偶者（OR=2.6，95%CI1.143~5.967，P=0.023）、高血压病史（OR=4.066，95%CI 2.096~7.889，P〈0.001）是MCI发生的独立危险因素。结论改善婚姻状况和提高受教育程度可能是降低老年人MCI发生的重要因素。对存在高血压的患者注意监测其认知功能，以期早期干预治疗。

Objective To study the Hangzhou area 70 years or older with mild cognitive impairment（mild cognitive impairment,MCI） epidemiological characteristics and risk factors,in order to early prevention and intervention. Methods The random survey in April 2015-October 2015 in Hangzhou Five Yunshan Nursing Home more than 70 years of age or older 217,using Montreal Scale（MoCA）for selected one on one interviews with the elderly. Results MCI detection rate of 63.6%（138/217）. MCI and cognitively normal group,level of education（P〈0.001）, marital status（P=0.002）,hypertension（P〈0.001）,in the carotid artery intima - media thickness on（P=0.005）were significant differences exist. Two yuan Logistic regression analysis showed that low levels of education（OR education=4.6,95%CI 2.192~9.679,P〈0.001）,without a spouse（OR marriage=2.6,95%CI 1.143~5.967,P=0.023）,there is history of hypertension（OR=4.066,95%CI 2.096~7.889,P〈0.001）were independent risk factors for MCI occurred. Conclusion Improving marital status and educational level increase may be important factors in reducing the occurrence of MCI elderly. Early intervention should be performed by noting the presence of hypertension patients to monitor their cognitive function.