幼儿生活自理能力的现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of status and factors influencing children's self-care ability

目的分析幼儿生活自理能力的现状及其影响因素,为评估幼儿生活自理能力提供参考依据。方法采用自编问卷《幼儿生活自理能力调查问卷（家长版）》和《父母教养方式问卷》对400名幼儿的家长进行问卷调查。结果 3~6岁幼儿生活自理能力总体上处于中等水平,幼儿生活自理能力在各个维度上发展不均衡,其中穿衣情况掌握较好,其他情况较差;幼儿生活自理能力在性别、独生子女和生源地等人口学变量上差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05或〈0.01）;年级、学校性质、父母陪伴和教养方式也是影响幼儿生活自理能力的重要因素。结论应该根据幼儿年龄发展特点,循序渐进的培养其生活自理能力;让幼儿体验操作过程,享受动手的乐趣;同时,增加父母陪伴与家园合作促进幼儿生活自理能力的发展。

Objective To analyse the present situation and the influencing factors that affect it of the children＇s selfcare ability. Method Self-compiled questionnaire（Children＇s Living Self-Care Ability Questionnaire-Parent Version）and《Parenting Style Questionnaire》were administered on 400 parents of young children. Results 3~6years old children＇s self-care ability was in the medium level overall,there was uneven development in infants＇ self-care ability in various dimensions.Out of these dimensions,the children had good control of dressing up,other dimensions showed poor performances.There were significant differences in the children＇s demographic variables like sex,only child factor,place of birth and so on.Factors of grades,school type,parents and parenting styles also influenced children＇s self-care ability significantly. Conclusion Self-care ability should be gradual according to children＇s age and development characteristics,children should be allowed to experience operational processes,have fun using their hands;at the same time,increase the time spent by parents to accompany the children and coupled with cooperation with school to promote the development of children＇s self-care ability.