马克思感性概念的社会历史性与审美性意蕴

The Social Historical and Aesthetic of Marx's Concept of Sensibility

马克思感性概念是他历史唯物主义理论的重要理论构件。马克思感性概念的理论来源是费尔巴哈的感性概念,但由于费尔巴哈的感性概念贬斥物质生产实践活动,所以导致费尔巴哈在社会历史领域是唯心主义者。马克思继承了费尔巴哈感性概念的唯物主义内涵,又对费尔巴哈感性概念的形而上学残余进行了批判性的改造,并且在此基础上丰富了感性概念的内涵。这主要体现在以下两个方面:其一,马克思的感性概念是具有很强社会历史感的感性活动,即人的感性活动是在一定的社会关系中进行的,并受一定社会关系制约的,在人类社会历史的不同发展阶段,人的感性活动呈现出不同的存在方式;其二,马克思的感性概念具有审美性意蕴,而这种审美意蕴则是建立在社会历史客观实践活动的基础上的。

Marx's concept of sensibility is an important component of his historical materialism theory. Marx's concept of sensibility is derived from Feuerbach's concept of sensibility,but as a result of Feuerbach's concept of sensibility material rejects production activity,so Feuerbach is an idealist in the field of social history. Marx inherits the materialistic connotation of Feuerbach's concept of sensibility,and critically transforms the metaphysical remnants of Feuerbach's concept of sensibility,and on the basis of this enriches the connotation of the concept of sensibility.This mainly embodies in two aspects. On the one hand,Marx's concept of sensibility has strong social historical sense,which believes that human sensibility activities are held in a certain social relations and conditioned by a certain social relations,and at different developmental stages of the history of human society,human sensibility activities present different ways of being; on the other hand,Marx's concept of sensibility has aesthetic meaning,and the aesthetic implication establishes on the basis of social and historical objective practical activities.