工作-家庭边界渗透对工作家庭平衡的作用效果研究

The Study of Work-Family Border Permeation's Effects on Work Family Balance

当工作或家庭领域中某一个领域内的要素跨越边界进入另一个领域,便发生了工作-家庭边界渗透。以工作家庭边界理论为基础,探究工作-家庭边界渗透对工作家庭平衡的作用效果。采用810名员工问卷,采用层次回归对研究假设进行检验。在控制员工的性别、工龄、职位层次后,不同类别的工作-家庭边界渗透对工作家庭平衡的作用存在显著差异:工作家庭事件渗透或工作家庭心理渗透越多,工作家庭冲突越强,但工作家庭关系渗透越多,工作家庭冲突越弱;工作家庭事件渗透越多,工作家庭促进越强;家庭工作事件渗透越多,家庭工作冲突越强;家庭工作事件渗透越多,家庭工作促进越弱,但家庭工作心理渗透越多,家庭工作促进越强。研究结果表明,工作-家庭边界渗透越多,不代表工作-家庭冲突越强,有些类型的边界渗透会缓解工作-家庭冲突甚至可能带来工作-家庭促进。企业应考量各个类别的边界渗透的影响,为员工提供支持性的工作环境,以帮助员工调节工作家庭平衡。

Work-Family border permeation happens when the elements from work domains enter family domain or the elements from family domains enter work domain. Based on work/family border theory, this paper investigates how work-family border permeation affect work family balance. We collected data among 810 employees with diverse positions in various industries who self-reported the variables. Then we adopt liner regression to test our hypotheses. After controlling for gender, working age and position, there＇re obvious variance among different types of work-family border permeation＇ effects on work family balance： work-to-family activities-based border permeation or work-to-family psychological border permeation is positively associated with work-to-family conflict, whereas work-to-family relationship-based permeation is negatively related to work-to-family conflict; work-to-family activities-based border permeation is positively related to work-to-family facilitation; family-to-work activities-based border permeation is positively related to family-to-work conflict; family-to-work activities-based border permeation is negatively related to family-to- work facilitation, while family-to-work psychological border permeation is positively associated with family-to-work facilitation. The results suggested that the increment of work-family border permeation is not related to an increase of work-family conflict, because some types of work-family border permeation will reduce work-family conflict even enhance work-family facilitation. Employers should consider different influence of different types of work-family boundary permeation and provide support for employees to help them balance work and family.