从铎药觉韵读音看官话次方言关系

A new approach to the classification of Mandarin from the perspective of the sound change of the duo(铎)-yao(药)-jue(觉) rhyme

本文研究官话方言里铎药觉韵读音类型及其地理分布,构拟官话方言铎药觉韵原始形式,用音变讨论官话次方言间关系。官话方言铎药觉韵合流,可以分为洛阳、南京的中元音型、北京的复元音型和扬州的低元音型,其原始形式可以构拟为*、*i、*u。根据三大不同的音变方向,官话可大致以黄河为界分为以北京为代表的北系官话和以洛阳、南京为代表的南系官话,南系官话中洛阳和南京分化较晚,但南系官话中扬州等江淮腹地官话没有和南京共同演变。中部洛阳型和南部南京型官话分布最广,它们大致以淮河为界,中部洛阳型往东、西扩散,还往北影响了北部官话,并向南跨越了淮河,南部南京型向西扩散至西南地区,往东则沿长江深入至东部官话。

In modern Mandarin,the duo(铎) rhyme,yao(药) rhyme and the jue(觉) rhyme of Middle Chinese merge into one rhyme and can be classified into three subtypes according to the pronunciations,i.e.,Beijing type,Luoyang and Nanjing type and Yangzhou type.Based on a historical comparative research,the merged rhyme could be reconstructed as*■.The subdialects of northern Mandarin including Beijing and other around dialects share the sound change*■>au,while some subdialects of southern Mandarin between the Yellow River and Yangtze River go through another sound change*■>■.Other subdialects of southern Mandarin,represented by Yangzhou,remain the low vowel α.