环境参数对小型风力发电机叶片覆冰特性及输出功率的影响

Influences of Environmental Parameters on Icing Characteristics and Output Power of Small Wind Turbine

风力发电机叶片覆冰会影响风机气动性能,使其输出功率减少,但目前相关文献报道较少。为此,在大型多功能人工气候室内模拟不同覆冰环境,研究了环境温度、液态水含量(LWC)和风速对小型风力发电机叶片覆冰特性及输出功率的影响规律。结果表明:风力发电机叶片前缘和迎风面覆冰较多,前缘角状覆冰会导致其输出功率显著下降。经过相同时间的覆冰后,环境温度降低过程中,风机输出功率值先降低后升高,从而使得风机到达停机边缘所需覆冰时间呈先减少后增多的规律;LWC越高,风机输出功率越低,到达停机边缘所需覆冰时间越短;风速越大,风机输出功率越大,到达停机边缘所需时间越长。

Icing phenomenon on wind turbine affects its aerodynamic performance, reduces output power. However, the relevant literature are rarely reported. A small horizontal-axis wind turbine was experimentally investigated in the artificial climate chamber with focus on its icing accretion process. Environment temperature, liquid water content（LWC）, and wind velocity were respectively discussed with respect to their effects on icing characteristics and output power of small wind turbine. Experimental results indicate that ice accumulation is relatively large on the leading edge and the windward side of wind blade Moreover, horn-ice generated on the leading edge will lead to a considerable reduction on wind turbine output power. After same period of time, output power of wind turbine decreases firstly and then increases. Consequently, the time that required for wind turbine to shutdown decreases in the first place and then gradually rises along with the decrement of ambient temperature. With the increment of LWC, output power tends to decrease as well as the required time for shutdown becomes shorter. On the contrary, the output power and required time increase along with the wind speed.