要素市场扭曲与中国创新生产的效率损失

Factor Market Distortion and the Efficiency Losses of Chinese Innovative Production

作为中国"渐进式改革"中的一项典型特征,要素市场扭曲已成为制约中国创新生产活动及其效率提升的重要因素。基于创新生产效率的视角,以劳动力要素市场扭曲和资本要素市场扭曲为主要切入点,在详细阐述二者对创新生产效率影响机理的基础上,本文采用中国分省份面板数据,实证研究了劳动力要素市场扭曲和资本要素市场扭曲对中国创新生产效率损失的影响效应,并基于反事实检验考察了要素市场扭曲造成的创新生产效率损失缺口。研究发现,考察期内,中国劳动力要素市场和资本要素市场均呈现出较强的扭曲态势;劳动力要素市场扭曲和资本要素市场扭曲对创新生产效率损失均具有显著的正向影响,即二者均显著抑制了中国创新生产活动的开展及其效率的提升;面板Tobit模型和考虑内生性问题的面板工具变量法的估计结果仍支持了这一结论 ;反事实检验结果表明,如果消除了劳动力要素市场扭曲和资本要素市场扭曲,中国创新生产效率将分别提升10.46%和20.55%。本文研究结论为优化中国创新生产要素的配置、提升创新生产效率,进而推动创新型国家建设提供启示。

As one of the typical characteristics in the process of ＂Gradual Reform＂ in China, factor market distortion has been an important aspect which restricts the development of innovative production and the improvement of its efficiency. By discussing the impact mechanisms of labor factor market distortion and capital market distortion, which are the main point of the study, on innovative production based on the perspective of innovative efficiency, the paper examines the labor market distortion and capital market distortion＇s effects on the efficiency losses of Chinese innovation efficiency empirically using the panel data of China＇s 30 provinces, and inspects the efficiency loss gap caused by the distortion of factor market by counterfactual test. According to the study, the labor and capital market are distorted during the study period, and both of them have a significant positive effect on efficiency losses of innovative production, that is to say, they restrain the development of China innovative production and the improvement of its efficiency. The results of panel Tobit model and the panel IV model which considered the endogenous problem also support the conclusion. When eliminating the labor and capital factor market distortion, the efficiency of innovation in China will be increased by 10.46% and 20.55% respectively according to the counterfactual test. The conclusions provide beneficial references for optimizing the distribution of innovation factors, improving innovation efficiency, and building an innovative nation.