气候史研究的新篇章——以布莱恩·费根的气候史研究为例

New Chapter in Climate History Research:A Case Study of Brian Fagan's Climate History Research

气候过去一度被看作历史研究的背景,对历史几无影响。随着气候学的发展以及一些历史学者的努力,气候史学发生了巨大的变化。布莱恩·费根通过使用气候学的新方法和新材料弥补了历史文本的不足,增加了研究深度,扩大了研究范围。他反对忽视气候对历史的作用,认为气候是推动历史发展的动力之一。在历史发展过程中,气候通过"气泵效应"和"涟漪效应"对人类文明产生直接和间接的影响。工业革命以来,碳排放量的增加致使全球气候变暖,新时代的要求赋予了气候史学强烈的现实关怀精神和政治意义,这也对气候史提出了新要求。总之,费根的研究开创了气候史的新篇章,为我国的气候史研究提供了很好的借鉴。

Climate,which had no influence on history,was once regarded as the background of the study of history in the past.With the development of the climatology and the efforts made by certain history scholars,climate history has undergone tremendous changes. Brian Fagan compensated for the lack of historical text,increased the depth of research,and expanded the scope of the study by using new climatology methods and new climatological data.Fagan,not in favor of ignoring the effect of climate on history,believed that climate was one of the driving forces to promote the development of history.In the process of historical development,climate has a direct and indirect impact on the development of human civilization through the ＂pump effect＂and the＂ripple effect＂.The increase in carbon emissions has led to global warming since the industrial revolution.The demands of the new era also give climate history a strong sense of reality and a political significance,which also puts forward new demands on the history of climate.In short,the study of Brian Fagan initiates a new chapter in climate history and provides a good reference for the study of the climate history in China.