多油辣木不同部位营养成分分析及评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in different locations of Moringa oleifera

以北方辣木叶为对照,分析了多油辣木不同部位的常规营养成分、氨基酸含量与组成、维生素与矿物质。结果表明:在多油辣木不同部位中,叶中蛋白质、维生素E、维生素C、维生素B6、β-胡萝卜素、Mg、Ca与P含量最高,分别为7.00 g/100 g、4.15 mgα-TE/100 g、188.20 mg/100 g、1.53 mg/100 g、0.10 g/kg、35.32 mg/100 g、69.72 mg/100 g与63.94 mg/100 g。茎中膳食纤维、Cu、Zn与Mn含量最高,分别为15.50 g/100 g、0.22 mg/100 g、0.89 mg/100 g与1.82 mg/100 g。果中叶酸、K与Na含量最高,分别为46.76μg/100 g、120.68 mg/100 g与49.46 mg/100 g。根中碳水化合物与Fe含量最高,分别为5.56 g/100 g与4.65 mg/100 g。与北方辣木叶相比,多油辣木叶中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质、烟酸、维生素B6、Mg、Fe、Zn、Na、Mn与P含量较高。多油辣木叶与果中均含有17种氨基酸,以谷氨酸与天冬氨酸含量居多。多油辣木叶中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸总量较高,分别为2.32 g/100 g与5.95 g/100 g,氨基酸比值系数分为69.71,属于优质蛋白质。在各种必需氨基酸中,多油辣木叶的第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,多油辣木茎与根的为异亮氨酸,多油辣木果的为赖氨酸。

Major nutritional components, contents and compositions of amino acids, vitamins and mineral components were analyzed in different locations of Moringa oleifera by using Moringa concanensis leaves as control.Results showed that higher contents of protein,vitamin E,vitamin B6, beta-carotene, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus were determined in Moringa o/eifera leaves,which were up to 7.00 g/100 g,4.15 mg α-TF/100 g, 188.20 mg/100 g,1.53 mg/100 g,0.10 g/kg,35.32 mg/100 g,69.72 mg/100 g and 63.94 mg/100 g respectively. Higher contents of dietary fiber, cuprum, zinc and manganese were determined in Moringa oleifera stem, which were up to 15.50 g/100 g,0.22 mg/100 g,0.89 mg/100 g and 1.82 mg/100 g, respectively.Higher contents of folic acid,kalium and sodium were determined in Moringa oleifera fruit,which were up to 46.76 μg/100 g, 120.68 mg/100 g and 49.46mg/100 g, respectively.Higher content of carbohydrate and iron were determined in Moringa oleifera root,which were up to 5.56 g/100 g and 4.65 mg/100 g, respectively 17 kinds of amino acids in Moringa oleifera leaves and fruit were detected and the content of glycine and leucine were rich.Higher total contents of essential and amino acids were determined in Moringa oleifera leaves,which were up to 2.32 g/100 g and 5.95 g/100 g, respectively,whose proteins was high quality, coefficients of amino acids ratio was 69.71.The first limiting amino acids of Moringa oleifera leaves in all kinds of essential amino acids was methionine and cystine, stem and root were isoleucine.and fruit was lysine.