“互联网+”推动的农业生产方式变革——基于马克思主义政治经济学视角的探究

Agriculture Production Mode Reform Promoted by Internet plus: A Marxist Political Economy Perspective

马克思主义经典作家将人类历史上的农业生产方式分为小农生产方式、资本主义农业生产方式和社会主义农业生产方式三种形式。由于农业生产过程不易实现社会化大生产,小农生产方式并未像经典作家所预言的那样,发展成为资本主义农业生产方式。基于"生产力—生产方式—生产关系"分析框架,本文提出:"互联网+"作为一种新的生产力形态,改变了农业生产中劳动者与生产资料的结合方式,不仅有助于解决农业企业化经营模式中资本监督劳动的问题,也有助于提高农业家庭经营模式中的规模经济效应,还可以通过产品创新和社会分工广化来弥补农业生产过程难以实现流程专业化和纵向分工的缺陷。社会主义农业的发展方向是在技术上超越小农生产方式,同时在生产方式和土地所有制上有别于资本主义农业的新型生产方式。

Classical Marxism proposes agricultural modes of production to be divided into peasant mode of production, capitalist mode of production and socialist mode of production. Owing to the difficulties in the process of socialized production, peasant mode of production was not able to transform into capitalist mode of production as predicted. Based on the concepts of forces of, mode of and relations of production, this article focuses on the strategy of 'internet plus' in reforming mode of production in agriculture. The conclusions of the study lie in three aspects. Firstly, the strategy of 'internet plus' has changed the binding mode between laborers and means of production. It proves to be conducive to solving the problem of labor supervision. Secondly, it can improve agricultural scale operation in household production. Thirdly, it helps agriculture production to realize process specification and vertical division of labor. It is projected that the development direction of the socialist mode of agricultural production will follow a new production mode which exceeds peasant mode of production, and which proves to be different from the capitalist mode from the perspectives of the production mode and land ownership.