2013-2015年某三级综合医院医院感染现患率调查

Investigation of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in a tertiary general hospital from 2013 to 2015

目的了解住院患者医院感染现状,为制定有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对医院2013年9月23日-27日、2014年8月18日-22日、2015年10月21日-27日住院患者医院感染现状进行调查,并对调查资料进行统计分析。结果共调查病例6 458例,三年医院感染现患率分别为2.98%、3.14%、1.83%,数据比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ICU感染率最高22.58%,其次是神经外科9.03%;感染部位均以下呼吸道感染为主,占51.32%;病原菌仍以革兰阴性菌为主;抗菌药物使用率分别为29.71%、24.98%、24.64%,连续三年比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医院感染现患率调查可反映医院感染现状,针对监测存在的问题,主动采取干预措施,降低医院感染发生率。

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients so as to provide scientific basis for development of effective prevention measures .METHODS By means of cross‐sectional survey ,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was investigated in the patients who were hospitalized from Sep 23 ,2013 to Sep 27 ,2013 ,from Aug 18 ,2014 to Aug 22 ,2014 ,and from Oct 21 ,2015 to Oct 27 ,2015 ;the survey data were statistically analyzed .RESULTS A total of 6 458 patients were investigated ,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 2 .98% in 2013 ,3 .14% in 2014 ,1 .83% in 2015 ,and there was significant difference （P〈0 .05） .The infection rate was the highest （22 .58% ） in the ICU ,followed by the department of neurosurgery （9 .03% ） .The patients with lower respiratory tract infection were dominant among the patients with nosocomial infection ,accounting for 51 .32% .The gram‐negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens .The utilization rate of antibiotics was 29 .71% in 2013 ,24 .98% in 2014 ,24 .64% in 2015 ,and there was significant difference a‐mong the three years （P〈0 .05） .CONCLUSION The survey of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections may reflect the current status of nosocomial infections and actively take intervention measures aiming to existing problems in monitoring so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections .