试论女性形象塑造和历史评价问题——以吕后和虞姬为例

Female Image Shaping and Historical Evaluation:Taking Empress Lü and Beauty Yu Ji as an Example

吕后和虞姬是秦汉之际具有典型意义的女性,是近年出现的多部楚汉历史题材影视作品中的女主人公。通过梳理历史文献中吕后和虞姬的生平史事,运用影视史学研究方法,分析二人的影视形象,我们可将历史题材影视作品中的人物分为两类:一是人物和情节均有充分历史依据的,此类人物的塑造应严格遵循史实,不能有大的篡改,以符合历史的真实;二是人物为历史上真实存在,但事迹阙载,相关故事情节多为后人虚构,此类人物的塑造虽然主要出于艺术加工,但必须符合逻辑与情理的真实——吕后和虞姬即为这两类人物的典型代表。历史题材影视创作应从史实和人性出发,以此实现历史真实、艺术真实与情理真实的完美结合。

Empress Lu and Beauty Yu Ji are representative female figures in Qin and Han dynasties; they are also the heroines of the historical plays of the War history between Chu and Hart （206-202 B.C.）. This research analysis of their life story of is conducted by using historical documents and the method of image history. The conclusion is that we can divide the characters in the historical play into two categories： one is the real history of the existence like Empress Lii and the other is a kind of fictional characters like Beauty Yu Ji. The former one should strictly follow the true history, which cannot be tampered with; the latter one is short of historical records, her story mainly from fiction and artistic processing, but it must be logical and reasonable. The historical plays should be based on history and human nature, in order to achieve the perfect combination of real history, artistic creation, and logical reasoning.