大学生情绪注意偏向表现及其性别差异的实验研究

An experimental study on emotion attentional bias and gender difference in college students

目的：探究大学生在多种情绪图片与表情图片刺激下是否存在不同程度的注意偏向,以及考察是否存在性别差异。方法：通过网上招募广州某大学本科生42例（男女各21例;年龄21～25岁）,选用3种效价情绪图片和5种面部表情图片作为刺激材料,采用情绪Stroop任务,比较被试在情绪性刺激与中性刺激下的的反应时和错误率。结果：积极、消极和中性图片诱导的错误率差异无统计学意义;消极图片诱导的反应时长于中性图片[（654±92）ms vs.（636±77）ms,P0.05];厌恶表情诱导的错误率高于中性表情[11.3%vs.3.4%,P0.05];且反应时和错误率均不存在明显的性别差异（P〉0.05）。结论：情绪stroop任务中,消极图片和厌恶表情刺激可诱导出大学生的情绪注意偏向,分别表现为反应时延长和错误率增高;情绪注意偏向的行为学表现性别差异不明显。

Objective： To explore whether there will be attentional bias under different emotional stimuli and whether gender difference exists in college students. Methods： A total of 42 college students （21 males, 21 females, aged 21 -25 years） recruited online completed the emotional Stroop task. The error rates and response times （RTs） induced by different emotional pictures and facial expression photos were compared. Result： There were no differences among error rates of color-naming under negative, positive and neutral pictures （Ps 〉 0. 05）. Among the error rates induced by four facial expressions including happy（2. 6% ）, sad（4. 2% ）, angry（3.2% ） and disgust（ 11.3% ）, only the error rate under disgust expressions was significantly higher than that under neutral expressions [ 11.3% vs. 3.4%, P 〈 0. 001 ]. The RT of color-naming under negative pictures was higher than that of neutral pictures [ （654 ±92） ms vs. （636 ±77） ms, P 〈0. 05]. There were no significant differences among the RTs induced by five facial expressions [sad （638 ±92） ms, happy （633 ±83） ms, disgust （650 ±98） ms, angry （645±96） ms, and neutral expression （645 ± 90） ms]. There were no significant gender difference in error rates and response times （Ps 〉0. 05）. Conclusion： It suggests that emotion attentional bias existed in different forms under the conditions of negative picture and disgust expression for college students. No gender difference in emotional bias could be observed in our behavioral study.