大学生自杀意念与社交网络和应对技能的关系

Social network,coping skill and suicidal ideation in college students

目的:探讨大学生近期自杀意念与社交网络、应对技能的关系。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取了5972名大学生,借助自杀意念问卷、社交网络问卷及应对技能量表调查大学生自杀意念的流行病学特征,并通过构建偏最小二乘通径模型探讨社交网络、应对技能与大学生近期自杀意念之间的调控关系及影响通径。结果:大学生过去一年内自杀意念检出率为7.27%(434/5972),社交网络贫乏(如,没有稳定的恋爱关系,β=0.305,P=0.013),缺乏成熟的应对技能(如,应对技能分量表中"逻辑分析"T≥55时,β=0.393,P=0.041)是大学生近期自杀意念的危险因素。偏最小二乘通径模型结果显示,社交网络、积极应对、消极应对潜变量对自杀意念有直接效应,同时也通过心理症状潜变量对自杀意念产生间接效应。结论:应对技能不成熟,社交网络贫乏是自杀意念的危险因素,因此在干预策略上,通过构建健全的社交网络、改善和提高大学生的应对技能等措施可能会避免或降低大学生自杀意念产生的可能性。

Objective： To explore the relation of suicidal ideation to social contacts and coping skills and to disentangle their possible pathways using a large sample of college students from China. Methods： Stratified cluster randomized sampling method for selecting subjects. Totally 5972 students were randomly selected from 6 universities in China and completed the questionnaire survey for the study. Suicidal ideation, social network and coping skills were assessed with self-designed or standard questionnaires. A partial least squares path model （PLSPM） was used to probe possible paths of their effects in the context of psychopathology. Results： Of the 5972 students, 7.27% （434/5972） reported the presence of suicidal ideation in the past year. Poor social contacts （e. g., without a dating relationship, β = 0. 31; P 〈 0. 05） and deficient coping skills （e. g., coping subscales of logical analysis, T ≥ 55,/3 = 0. 39; P 〈 0. 05） were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation. Modeling the data with PLSPM indicated that social network, approach coping and avoidance coping all had a direct effect as well as some indirect effect on suicidal ideation through psychopathology. Conclusion： Poor social contacts and deficient coping skills may be strong risk factors for suicidal ideation in university students. These findings provide valuable insights for strategies of suicide prevention. Programs targeting on expansion of social network and improvement of coping skills may have enduring effects on reducing suicidal ideation in university students.