丙型肝炎病毒的宿主限制因子

Research progress on hepatitis C virus host restriction factors

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是引起肝脏疾病的一个重要原因,目前大约有1.7亿人慢性感染HCV[1]。HCV是单股正链RNA包膜病毒,属于黄病毒家族。病毒RNA长度为9.6×10^3 bp,编码一个由约3 000个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白。HCV多聚蛋白可被细胞和病毒蛋白酶酶解成结构蛋白（core、E1和E2）和非结构蛋白（P7、NS2、NS3、NS4A、NS4B、NS5A和NS5B）[2]。

The interaction between the host and HCV not only allows us to understand the basic concepts of viral replication and its pathogenesis, but also provides new insights into the host cell biology. This is demonstrated by the recent discovery of host-eneoded restricted factors in restricting HCV infection. In this review, we will briefly introduce the restriction factors in the different stages of HCV infection, including viral entry, replication and secretion processes, as well as how each restriction factor is identified, and then discuss the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of HCV infection and the potential roles of these mechanisms in the pathogenesis of viral infections. By studying the mechanism of these factors, it will lead to identify some proteins to restrict HCV infection, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of HCV.