寨卡病毒的传播进化史及实验室检测

History and laboratory detection of Zika virus

寨卡病毒（Zika virus,ZIKV）是一种主要通过蚊虫进行传播的蚊媒病毒,属于黄病毒科（Flaviviridae）黄病毒属（Flavivirus）[1]。寨卡病毒基因组为长度约10.8×10^3 bp的单条正链核糖核酸（ribonucleic acid,RNA）,包含2个分别位于5′和3′端的侧翼非编码区（flanking noncoding regions,NCR）以及一个长开放读码框,

Recent outbreaks of Zika virus （ZIKV） disease in America have been spreading quickly and widely. Local transmission has been reported in many countries and territories. Zika virus will likely continue to spread to new areas including China where a few imported ZIKV infection cases have already been confirmed. ZIKV infection appears to have changed in characteristics while expanding its geographical range. More importantly, the current outbreaks of ZIKV infection were linked with neurological disorders including Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly which particularly increases the risk for pregnant women. In addition, the routes of transmission of ZIKV have changed from the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito to possible sexual contact and blood transfusion. Currently, there is neither a vaccine nor prophylactic medications available to prevent and treat ZIKV infection. The diagnosis testing is mainly performed at laboratories including serological and virological diagnosis. Thus, it is essential to learn more information about the evolution and diagnosis of ZIKV.