转型语境与人性话语:新时期初期的沈从文重评

Context of Transformation and Human Discourse:Shen Congwen's Re-evaluations in the “New Era Literature” Period

文学重评作为20世纪八十年代重要的文学现象,是新时期文学确立合法性的重要途径,也是现代文学研究范式转换的必经之路,它和重写文学史思潮一起贯穿了1978~1989年的全部文学进程,成为各种文学力量和话语体系博弈、交锋的关节点。在这些复杂的重评现象中,沈从文的重评和复出都比较有代表性。在国家意识形态置换形成的转型语境中,新时期文学首先反思沈从文在以左翼文学为线索的现代文学史中的定位,继而启用新的标准来重新评价沈从文创作的意义;同时,世界范围的＂沈从文热＂也启发了国内学界对沈从文的关注,海外汉学界的研究成果为国内的沈从文重评提供了理论资源和书写借鉴;在具体重评中,研究者启用了＂人性＂作为核心概念,谨慎地推敲重评沈从文的成规和尺度,在对个人和文学史的双重观照中实现了沈从文文学形象的全新建构。

Re-valuation as an important literary phenomenon,is an essential means by which the legitimacy of Chinese contemporary literature could be established and the research methodology could be changed. Together with the rewriting literary history trend,it went through the whole course of Chinese literature evolution during 1978-1989,and turned out to be the pivotal event that all sorts of literary powers and discourses confronted and negotiated. During the period,the re-evaluation on Shen Congwen was more representative. In the context of the national ideological transformation,New Era Literature first made reflections on Shen＇s status in modern literature with the clue of Left-wing literature,and then began to use new standard to re-evaluate Shen＇s significance in creative writing. Meanwhile,the overseas ＂Shen Congwen hot＂evoked the interests of national academia. And the research of international Sinologists provided theoretical resources and writing context. The researcher employed ＂human ＂as core concept,cautiously weighed the standards of re-evaluating Shen,and re-constructed the image of Shen in both individual and historical perspectives.