参与全球生产网络能提高中国企业价值链地位吗:“网络馅饼”抑或“网络陷阱”

Can Participation in the Global Production Networks Upgrade Chinese Enterprise's Value Chain Status:Network Pies or Network Trap

现有关于全球生产网络与后发国家价值链升级关系的研究,并不能对"网络馅饼"和"网络陷阱"两种相悖案例同时予以合理解释。为此,本文提出了参与全球生产网络与后发国家价值链地位之间有条件"网络陷阱"假说,并以中国的行业面板数据实证检验了有条件"网络陷阱"假说。研究发现:中国在全球价值链的路径变迁必然受西方跨国公司领导的全球价值链治理和全球战略布局的约束,中国价值链升级在参与全球生产网络的初级阶段即可实现,但深度参与会产生对本土企业研发行为产生挤出效应,是否掉入"网络陷阱"最终取决于参与全球生产网络带来的红利效应、吸纳效应与挤出效应的综合作用。研发强度表现出显著的门限效应,持续的研发投入成了决定"网络陷阱"能否成功规避的关键。

As a global production form, gl0balization production network has important impact on the enterprise＇s value chain status for the countries （regions） which participate in internationally vertical specialization. However, from a practical point of view, the relationship between value chain status and globalization production network varies with countries and different periods for developing countries. Some newly industrializing countries, represented by Japan and the four ＂Asian tigers＂, seize the opportunity of internationally vertical specialization and upgrade technology and value chain in varying degrees by creating the intra product specialization form of ＂Assembling--Manufacturing-R＆D＂. In contrast, some countries, such as Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia and Brazil, which have heavily involved in globalization production network are at risks of value chain ＂curing＂ after leaping cavalcade of medium income. What＇s worse, some developing countries, such as Philippines, Vietnam, Pakistan and Bangladesh, have tripped into the ＂network trap＂ since joining in globalization production network and staying at the lower end of the global value chain from the beginning. The existing literatures about the relationship between the global production network and ~nterprise＇s value chain status of developing country cannot reasonably explain the cases of ＂network pie＂ and ＂network trap＂ at the same time. Firstly, this paper puts forward a conditional ＂network trap＂ hypothesis between the globalization production network and enterprise＇s value chain status of developing country. Secondly, the study uses domestic technology of export products as global value chain status estimation to investigate the nonlinear relationship between globalization production network and Chinese anterprise＇s value status under the premise of controlling endogenous problems effectively and then discusses the underlying mechanism. The result indicates that the phenomenon of ＂unrealistically high＂ does exist in the evolution of Chinese industrial structure. After excluding the technical content of intermediate import goods, Chinese global value chain status declines significantly. In the layout of globaiization production network, the path shift in global value chain of developing counla＇ies will be governed by global value chain and restricted by global strategic layout which is led by Western multinational corporations. The effects of glohaiizatiun production network on Chinese enterprises＇ value chain status present a significant inverted U curve. When the degree of participation in globalization production network is less than the inflection point of U curve, China has begun to adapt and meet the parameters of global value chain governance. In this case, internationally vertical specialization can promote Chinese product and technology. The participation in internationally vertical specialization may help upgrade the value chain. However, if China relies too much on internationally vertical specialization and exceeds the inflection point, Chinese enterprises will be captured by Western multinational companies who stay at the high-end side of the value chain and be induced to fall into the ＇＇network trap＂ if they rely ton much on the traditional low-end processing trade. The effects on value chain status for developing countries participated in globalization production network ultimately depend on the dividend effect, absorption effect and extrusion effect. The intensity of R＆D has a significant threshold effect on the relationship between the globalization production network and the enterprise＇s value chain status. Active participation in global production network can produce extrusion effect on local enterprises. Therefore, continuing R＆D activities is a key factor in deciding the success to avoid ＂network trap＂