摘要
Objective：To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.Data Sources：All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18,2016,were identified through a literature search on PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science,with the keywords of＂gut microbiota＂,＂gut-brain axis＂,and ＂neuroscience＂.Study Selection：All relevant articles on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis were included and carefully reviewed,with no limitation of study design.Results：It is well-recognized that gut microbiota affects the brain＆#39;s physiological,behavioral,and cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood.Gut microbiota-brain axis may include gut microbiota and their metabolic products,enteric nervous system,sympathetic and parasympathetic branches within the autonomic nervous system,neural-immune system,neuroendocrine system,and central nervous system.Moreover,there may be five communication routes between gut microbiota and brain,including the gut-brain＆#39;s neural network,neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,gut immune system,some neurotransmitters and neural regulators synthesized by gut bacteria,and barrier paths including intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier.The microbiome is used to define the composition and functional characteristics of gut microbiota,and metagenomics is an appropriate technique to characterize gut microbiota.Conclusions：Gut microbiota-brain axis refers to a bidirectional information network between the gut microbiota and the brain,which may provide a new way to protect the brain in the near future.
Objective：To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.Data Sources：All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18,2016,were identified through a literature search on PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science,with the keywords of＂gut microbiota＂,＂gut-brain axis＂,and ＂neuroscience＂.Study Selection：All relevant articles on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis were included and carefully reviewed,with no limitation of study design.Results：It is well-recognized that gut microbiota affects the brain＆#39;s physiological,behavioral,and cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood.Gut microbiota-brain axis may include gut microbiota and their metabolic products,enteric nervous system,sympathetic and parasympathetic branches within the autonomic nervous system,neural-immune system,neuroendocrine system,and central nervous system.Moreover,there may be five communication routes between gut microbiota and brain,including the gut-brain＆#39;s neural network,neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,gut immune system,some neurotransmitters and neural regulators synthesized by gut bacteria,and barrier paths including intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier.The microbiome is used to define the composition and functional characteristics of gut microbiota,and metagenomics is an appropriate technique to characterize gut microbiota.Conclusions：Gut microbiota-brain axis refers to a bidirectional information network between the gut microbiota and the brain,which may provide a new way to protect the brain in the near future.
基金
This study was supported by grants from Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support （No. XMLX201401）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81301138）, National High-Tech R＆D Program of China （863 Program, No. 2015AA020514）, National Hundred, Thousand, and Ten Thousand Talents Project of Beijing （No. 2010-005）.
