卵巢发育不同阶段长江刀鲚肉营养成分的分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Yangtze Rivercoilia Meat at Different Ovarian Development Stages

本文对卵巢发育Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期的长江刀鲚肉进行营养成分分析和评价,研究表明：在卵巢发育Ⅱ期-Ⅴ期,粗脂肪含量显著下降,粗蛋白、水分显著上升（p〈0.05）,灰分含量先升后降,说明长江刀鲚在卵巢发育过程中脂肪为主要供能物质。其中,单不饱和脂肪酸作为优先分解供能的脂肪酸,在卵巢发育Ⅱ期-Ⅴ期呈下降趋势,但各生殖阶段含量最丰富的均为C16：1和C18：1,可能是主要的供能脂肪酸。卵巢发育Ⅱ期至Ⅴ期,多不饱和脂肪酸中的n-3脂肪酸,尤其是EPA和DHA含量显著下降（p〈0.05）。氨基酸含量在卵巢发育Ⅱ期-Ⅴ期显著上升（p〈0.05）,但氨基酸组成相对稳定与合理,总必需氨基酸/总氨基酸为39.65-40.93%,总必需氨基酸/总非必需氨基酸为59.07-60.35%,且氨基酸评分均大于100,可以作为氨基酸的良好来源。卵巢发育不同阶段常量元素含量K最高,其次为Na和Ca,微量元素中Cu和Mn在Ⅱ期-Ⅴ期显著下降（p〈0.05）。

The nutritional components in the meat of Yangtze River-Coilia at different ovarian development stages（stage II, stage III, stage IV, and stage V） were studied and evaluated in this paper. The crude fat content declined significantly; the moisture and crude protein contents increased significantly（p〈0.05）, and the ash content decreased after the initial increase from stages II to V. These results indicated that fat was the main energy source during ovarian development. Given that fatty acids are the first to be decomposed for energy, mono-unsaturated fatty acid levels showed a downward trend during all stages of ovarian development. However, the fatty acids with the highest contents were C16：1 and C18：1 at different ovarian-development stages, indicating that they may be the principal metabolic fuels. The contents of the n-3 unsaturated fatty acids, especially those of eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid（DHA）, decreased significantly from stages II to V（p〈0.05）. In contrast, amino acid contents increased significantly from stages II to V（p〈0.05）, but the amino acid composition was relatively stable. The contents of total essential amino acids accounted for 39.65-40.93% of total amino acids, the ratios of total essential amino acids to total non-essential amino acids were in the range of 59.07-60.35%, and the amino acid scores were all higher than 100, indicating that meat of Yangtze River-Coilia can serve as a good source of amino acids. At different stages of ovarian development, the K content was the highest, followed by Na and Ca. Among the microelements tested, Cu and Mn levels were significantly decreased from stages II to V（p〈0.05）.