居家军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者营养不足的影响因素

Investigation of Malnutrition in Retired Soldiers Patients with Early Alzheimer's Disease

目的：调查居家军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者中营养不足现状并分析其影响因素。方法：采用一般资料调查表、简易营养评价精法量表对83例居家的军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者营养状况进行调查,并与166例健康老年人进行比较,分析导致营养不足的危险因素。结果：阿尔茨海默病患者营养不足的发生率为46.52%,显著高于对照组的10.84%（χ^2=43.201,P〈0.001）;年龄≥75岁、中重度痴呆、病程≥3年、伴有吞咽障碍症状是导致营养不足的危险因素。与营养正常的AD患者相比,营养不足的AD患者中年龄≥75岁（χ^2=11.487,P〈0.001）、中重度痴呆（χ^2=7.547,P〈0.01）、病程≥3年（χ^2=4.155,P〈0.05）、伴有吞咽障碍症状（χ^2=8.763,P〈0.01）的比例显著升高。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥75岁（β=0.826,Waldχ^2=7.322,P〈0.001）、中重度痴呆（β=0.713,Waldχ^2=4.310,P〈0.05）、有吞咽障碍症状（β=0.772,Waldχ^2=5.306,P〈0.01）与营养不足有关联。结论：居家军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者的营养不足发生率高,应加强对其发生危险因素的识别。

Objective：To explore the prevalence of malnutrition in retired soldiers patients with Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）and its infulence factors.Methods：AD outpatients of retired soldiers（case group,n=83）and matched health retired soldiers（control group,n=166）were screened by mini-nutrition assessment for diagnosis of malnutrition and inveatigated by self-made queationaire for analysis of influencing factors.Results：The cases group had a significantly higher prevalence of malnutrition in cases group than that in control group（46.6% vs 10.8%,χ^2=43.201,P〈0.001）.Age≥75y（χ^2=11.487,P〈0.001）,moderate or severe dementia（χ^2=7.547,P〈0.01）,cases course od disease≥3y（χ^2=4.155,P〈0.05）,accompany with swallowing deglutition（χ^2=8.763,P〈0.01）were significant more in AD patients with malnutrition than those without malnutrition in an univariate analysis.Logistic analysis showed that age≥75y（β=0.826,Waldχ^2=7.322,P〈0.001）,moderate or severe dementia（β=0.713,Waldχ^2=4.310,P〈0.05）,accompany with swallowing deglutition（β=0.772,Waldχ^2=5.306,P〈0.01）were risk factors of malnutrition in AD patients.Conclusion：The malnutrition should be emphasized as an universal phenomenon by recognizing the risk factors of malnutrition.