学龄前儿童视力发育与生活状况的相关性探讨

Correlation of preschool children's visual development and living conditions

目的分析学龄前儿童视力发育与生活状况的相关性。方法对杭州市中医院自2012年12月至2015年12月收治的890例6个月至6周岁学龄前儿童视力检查的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对视力异常变化及儿童的日常生活情况给予问卷调查,采用Logistic回归分析探究二者的相关性。结果在890例学龄前儿童中,视力发育异常235例,占26.40%,经单因素分析可见,看电视时间、看电视距离、眼睛与屏幕水平与否、看电脑及手机时间、户外活动时间、夜间睡觉习惯、饮食习惯、家庭采光情况、睡眠时间、家长保护孩子视力行为均作为影响学龄前儿童视力发育的相关因素（χ~2=5.45~19.23,均P〈0.05）。经Logistic回归分析可见,在日常生活中家庭光线强、经常吃鱼与鲜牛奶、家长注意保护孩子视力为学龄前儿童视力发育的重要保护因素（分别为OR=3.012,95%CI：1.115~7.723;OR=0.710,95%CI：0.441~0.991;OR=1.523,95%CI：1.039~2.187;均P〈0.05）。结论学龄前儿童视力发育与日常生活具有密切的相关性,可通过积极有效的干预措施以达到保护儿童视力的目的。

Objective To explore the correlation of preschool children＇s visual development and living conditions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of visual acuity of 890 preschool children aged 6 months to 6 years old admitted in Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Hospital from December 2012 to December 2015. Changes of abnormal vision and children＇ s daily life were surveyed with questionnaires, and Logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore the correlation of two. Results Of 890 cases, there were 235 cases of eyesight developmental abnormality, accounting for 26.40%. Univariate analysis showed that duration of watching TV, distance to TV, height of eyes and screen, duration of using computer and mobile phone, outdoor activity time, night sleep habit, eating habit, family lighting situation, sleep time, parents＇ protect behavior for children vision were the factors influencing preschool children eyesight （X2 value ranged 5.45 -19.23, all P 〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that strong light in family in daily life, frequent intake of fish and milk, and parents＇ protection for children vision were the protective factors （ OR = 3. O12, 95 % CI： 1.115 - 7. 723 ; OR = O. 710, 95% CI：O. 441 - 0.991 ; OR = 1. 523,95% CI： 1. 039 - 2. 187 ; all P 〈 O. 05 ）. Conclusion Eyesight development of preschool children has close correlation with daily life, so positive and effective intervention measures could be taken to achieve the purpose of protecting children＇ s eyesight.