不同品种灰鹅的生产性能及肉质特性比较研究

A Comparative Study on Production Performance and Meat Characteristics of Different Species of Greylag Geese

选取1日龄乌鬃鹅、丰城灰鹅和兴国灰鹅,饲养至69日龄,测定分析其生产性能指标及腿肌、胸肌中氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量。结果显示:兴国灰鹅日增质量、料重比最优,乌鬃鹅和丰城灰鹅差异不大。69日龄灰鹅母鹅中,兴国灰鹅宰前活质量、屠体质量、屠宰率、半净膛质量、半净膛率、全净膛质量、翅膀质量,显著高于另外2种鹅(P<0.05);其余指标不存在差异或者品种间部分存在差异(P>0.05)。69日龄灰鹅公鹅间宰前活质量、屠体质量、屠宰率、半净膛质量、半净膛率、全净膛质量、翅膀质量、全净膛率、腹脂质量、腹脂率、腿肌质量、腿肌率等差异不显著(P>0.05)。3个品种灰鹅腿肌氨基酸含量,兴国灰鹅的异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸的含量显著低于丰城灰鹅(P<0.05),其它氨基酸指标不同品种间无显著差异(P>0.05);3个品种灰鹅胸肌氨基酸含量,兴国灰鹅的缬氨酸显著低于乌鬃鹅(P<0.05),乌鬃鹅的色氨酸显著高于丰城灰鹅(P<0.05),胸肌中其它氨基酸在不同品种间无显著差异(P>0.05)。丰城灰鹅腿肌中的十四碳酸、花生酸显著低于乌鬃鹅(P<0.05),丰城灰鹅的油酸显著高于兴国灰鹅和乌鬃鹅(P<0.05);兴国灰鹅胸肌中的亚麻酸、二十碳一烯酸含量显著高于丰城灰鹅(P<0.05),兴国灰鹅的亚油酸的含量最高,其余脂肪酸指标没有明显差异。总体来说,3个灰鹅品种,兴国灰鹅在生产性能、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量方面具有明显优势。

Black mane goose,Fengcheng and Xingguo grey goose were fed to 69 days old and then the production performance index and the leg muscle,and chest muscle were analyzed by the content of amino acids and fatty acids.The results showed that the Xingguo grey goose was the best in terms of daily gain,and feed conversion ratio,among three species of grey geese and the rest two geese had no significant difference.Of the female grey geese of 69 days of age of the three species,Xingguo grey goose＇s alive weight,slaughter weight,slaughter rate,eviscerated weight,and eviscerated ratio,full eviscerated weight,wings weight were statistically significantly higher than those of the other two geese（ P〈0.05）.The rest of the parameters tested had（ P〉0.05）no differences or only partial differences among the varieties.In contrast,there were no significant differences among three species of male grey geese of 69 days of age in alive weight,slaughter weight,slaughter rate,eviscerated weight,eviscerated ratio,full eviscerated weight,wings weight,full eviscerated ratio,abdominal fat weight,abdominal fat rate and leg muscle weight（ P〉0.05）.As to leg muscle amino acid contents of the three varieties of grey geese Xingguo grey goose＇s isoleucine,lysine,tyrosine contents were significantly lower than those of Fengcheng grey goose（ P〈0.05）,and other amino acid index had no significant difference among different varieties（ P〉0.05）.In the context of the chest muscle amino acid contents of the three varieties of grey geese,Xingguo grey goose＇s valine was significantly lower than that of Black mane goose,Black mane goose＇s tryptophan was significantly higher than that of Fengcheng grey goose,and other amino acids in the chest meat showed no significant differences among different varieties（ P〉0.05）.Fengcheng grey goose＇s leg muscle of 14 carbonate and peanut acid were significantly lower than those of Black mane goose（ P〈0.05）,and Fengcheng grey goose＇s oleic acid was significantly higher than that of Black mane goose and Xingguo grey goose（ P〈0.05）.And linolenic acid,a 20 carbon olefine acid in the chest meat of Xingguo grey goose were significantly higher than those of Fengcheng grey goose.Xingguo grey goose had the highest content of linoleic acid in chest meat and leg muscle（ P〈0.05）.There were no significant differences in the rest of the fatty acid index.To conclude,three varieties of grey geese,Xingguo grey goose is the best in terms of the production performance,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acid content.