海洋生态重要性区域的内涵与识别方法研究——以黄河口为例

The concept and identification of ecologically and biologically significant areas——Case study in the Huanghe River Estuary

海洋生态环境目前正在承受来自人类活动和气候变化的巨大压力,急需必要的管理工具或决策支持系统来应对这些压力所带来的生态环境问题。对海洋生境的分类识别是开展生物多样性保护的基础和前提,海洋生态重要区识别作为一种客观、科学和灵活的生境分类评估和选划方法,已被科学界和管理者广泛接受和认可。本文首先介绍了海洋生态重要区的概念内涵以及识别方法的研究进展,给出了海洋生态重要区的定义,之后以黄河口为例,初步建立了针对该区域的生态重要区识别标准和评价方法,对黄河口及邻近海区进行了生态重要性等级划分。本文是对生态重要区识别方法在我国近海的首次应用尝试,研究结果可为我国基于生态系统的海洋管理提供科学方法和工具,也可为其他区域的研究提供借鉴。

Marine environments are experiencing intense pressures from anthropogenic activities and climate change,management tools or decision support systems are needed to deal with these problems.The classification of marine habitats is the basis and critical to the protection of marine biodiversity and the sustainable usage of marine resources.The identification of ecologically and biologically significant areas（EBSAs）as a objective,scientific and flexible habitat classification and evaluation tool has been widely accepted by the scientists and managers.The present paper began with the introduction of the progress in the concept and identification method of the EBSAs.Then we developed a protocol and a suite of criteria and indicators to identify EBSAs.Finally,application of the methods to Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent area is presented as a case study based on the integration of all available ecological information we collected.This study is the first trial of EBSAs identification in China coastal areas.The results of our study are expected to provide scientific methods and tools to the ecosystem-based management and provide references to its applications in other areas.