北京市城乡老年人慢性病状况及相关因素分析

Analysis on the chronic disease burden and related factors of elderly in Beijing

目的了解北京市城乡老年人慢性病患病状况,分析其影响因素,关注老年人躯体健康,加强慢性病防控。方法抽样调查北京城乡60岁及以上老年人群2168例,内容包括老年人的一般情况、慢性病史、家庭、经济、职业、卫生习惯等,进行评估和分析。结果老年人慢性病患病率高达74.2%,同时合并2种及以上慢性病者达43.5%。患病率城市高于农村,女性高于男性,随增龄有先上升再下降趋势。高血压位于慢性疾病之首,脑血管病、冠心病以及耳聋和骨关节疾病均为老年人常见慢性病。老年人躯体健康状况受性别、年龄、居住地区、文化程度、职业性质、睡眠与活动锻炼时间、收入水平等多种因素的影响。结论北京城乡老年人慢性病患病率高,多系统疾病并存率高。需加强慢性病防控健康宣教,增强社会支持,改善社区卫生服务建设。

Objective The purpose of the study is to understand the prevalence of chronic diseases in Beijing community elderly population, analyze factors affecting health in order to improve the overall health of the elderly, strengthen the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods The sample population were consisted of 2168 elderly people dwelling in the communities in Beijing in 2009, which sampled from an urban district, a suburban county and a mountain county by well-established statistical sampling techniques such as cluster, stratification and random selection. Survey covered the general situation of the elderly, history of chronic diseases, living conditions, family, economy, occupation, health habits and other health-related indicators for the assessment and analysis. Results （1） Study on the prevalence of chronic diseases of the elderly was 74.2%.The rate of 2 or more concurrent chronic diseases was 43.5% .The prevalence was higher in urban than rural area, higher in women than in men and presented with the increasing at first and then decrease with the increasing of age. Hypertension was the most prevalent. Cerebral vascular diseases, coronary heart diseases,deafness and chronic diseases in bone and joint diseases were common in the elderly. （2） The health status of the elderly was affected by gender, age, residence, education level, marital status, occupation, sleep and activity exercise time, the impact of various factors such as income levels. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases of Beijing urban a nd rural elderly is high. The multi-system disease coexistence rate is high. To strengthen chronic disease prevention and control, social support, improve community health services, establishing good system of health care of the elderly, are of great importance to improve the health status of elderly.