理论旅行:马克思主义在东方的发展变异

The Journey of the Theory:The Development of Marxism in the East and Its By-products

从列宁到斯大林,从陈独秀到毛泽东,马克思主义经历了从西方到东方的旅行,也经历了从理论到实践的转化。马克思主义在俄国化、中国化过程中,获得了新的生命,也彰显了新的价值,引领了国际共产主义事业在东方的发展。然而,无论是俄国还是中国,无论是革命还是建设,都因"救亡压倒启蒙"的现实,马克思主义曾被当作一种工具来运用,其"解释世界"的功能让位于"改造世界"的使命,其科学性和完整性被忽视;此外,在俄国和中国都曾出现过将马克思主义片面化、简单化、教条化、神圣化等倾向。这些都是马克思主义在东方"旅行"中的变异。

Marxism has experienced a journey from West to East,and also the transformation from theory to practice,through the publication from the works of Lenin to Stalin from Chen Duxiu to Mao Zedong.Russianizing and Sinification infused a new life and new values to Marxism,which led the development of the international communist cause in the East.However for the historical situation,salvation overwhelmed enlightenment in both Russia and China.Marxism was once introduced as a means to the end for salvation.Its value in depicting and illustrating the reality of the world was substituted by the obligation of reforming and restructuring the society,left the scientific and integrity of Marxism be neglected.Besides,Marxism encountered the crisis of one-sided interpretation,simplification,dogmatization and sanctification both in Russia and China.All of these crisis are the byproducts of development of Marxism in the East.