鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程建设对自然保护区候鸟栖息地的影响

Influence of Hydro-junction Project on Migratory Birds Habitat in Natural Reserves of Poyang Lake

鄱阳湖湿地是越冬候鸟栖息和觅食的重要场所,是一个过水性湖泊;候鸟栖息地的面积大小和空间分布受湿地水位变化的影响非常显著。鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程是建设鄱阳湖生态经济区的核心工程、关键工程,当前鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程建设仍存在一定争议且正在进一步研究和论证中。该文简要论述了鄱阳湖自然保护区概况,分析了水利工程的水位调度过程及其对鄱阳湖2个国家级和1个省级自然保护区候鸟栖息地的影响。结果表明,水利工程调度方案具有一定的科学性,对国家级自然保护区碟形湖泊等主要候鸟栖息地无影响,对都昌省级候鸟保护区影响较大;工程还将改变涉禽类等水鸟觅食空间、影响通江水体及低水位下部分苔草群系、虉草群落的发育及其生物量。因此,工程调度水位过程应尽可能遵循天然水位消涨过程,确保鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地面积和空间相对稳定,维护鄱阳湖湿地生态系统健康协调发展。

Poyang Lake wetland as an important habitat for wintering migratory birds, its area and space distribution are significantly affected by the vicissitude of water level of the lake. Currently, construction of a hydro-junction project in Poyang Lake was under investigation, and there were still some controversies about the project. This paper presented a brief introduction to the general situation of the nature reserve, and analyzed the process of controlling the water level and its effect on the habitat for wintering migratory birds in nature reserves （two at national level and one at provincial level） in Poyang Lake. Influences of the proposed hydro-junction project, both positive and negative, on wintering migratory bird habitat were analyzed. It was pointed out that construction of the hydro-junction project would change the foraging space of grallatores birds and it would also influence the waters of Poyang Lake through Yangtze River. Moreover, it would also influence the growth and development of Carex and Phalaris arundinacea, as well as vegetation biomass. Therefore, the improvement of the relationship between ecological conservation and the construction of hydro-junction project is demanded. In addition, process of modulating control water level should follow the natural fluctuating water level in Poyang Lake to make sure that the area and space of the habitat for migratory birds are stabilized in Poyang Lake wetland, so that the ecosystem of Poyang Lake wetland and concerted development could be maintained.