秋冬季小儿呼吸道感染的病原学检测及其分布特点分析

Pathogenic detection of respiratory infection in children in autumn and winter and its distribution characteristics

目的 对秋冬季小儿呼吸道感染的非细菌性病原学检测并对其分布特点进行分析,为临床针对性治疗提供参考依据。方法 随机选取广州市妇女儿童医疗中心呼吸道感染患儿共1047例,并对其呼吸道分泌物和血清学进行病原学检查,对结果进行统计分析。结果 在1047例患儿血清病原学检查中,单项感染326例,阳性率为31.14%,混合感染202例,阳性率为19.29%,单项感染比例明显高于多项感染（P〈0.05）;在326例单项感染的患儿中,MP具有最高的阳性检测率,为18.05%,其次为RSV（3.25%）、ADV（3.25%）、INFB（2.96%）;在202例混合感染中,MP＋INBF具有最高的阳性率,为10.32%,其次为MP＋LP（2.77%）,MP＋LP＋INBF（2.01%）,MP＋ADV（0.96%）;6~12个月的患儿的阳性率（52.36%）明显高于3~6个月患儿（P〈0.05）,1~3周岁患儿的阳性率（85.45%）明显高于3~6个月患儿和6~12个月患儿（P〈0.05）。在1047例患儿中经咽拭子病原学检查发现,阳性患者为476例,阳性检出率为45.46%。其中RSV具有最高的阳性检测率,为19.87%,构成比为0.44,其次为RHV、RBOV、ADV;发现6~12个月的患儿的阳性率（48.21%）和构成比（0.40）均明显高于3~6个月患儿（P〈0.05）,1~3周岁患儿的阳性率（75.45%）和构成比（0.52）均明显高于3~6个月患儿和6~12个月患儿（P〈0.05）。结论 秋冬季我院呼吸道感染患儿以呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体感染为主,1~3岁患儿具有更高的阳性率。

Objective To analyze the non-bacterial pathogen detection in children in autumn and winter and its distribution characteristics. Methods 1047 cases of respiratory tract infection in children were randomly selected from women and children medical center. Its respiratory secretions and serum were detected, and its results were statistically analyzed. Results In 1047 respiratory infection samples, there were 326 cases with single infection, and the positive rate was 31.14%. There were 202 cases with mixed infection, and the positive rate was 19.29%. The single infection rate was significantly higher than mixed infection rate （P 〈 0.05）. In the 326 cases of single infection, MP had the highest positive detection rate with 18.05%, followed by RSV （3.25%）, ADV （3.25%）, and INFB （2.96%）. In the 202 cases of mixed infection, MP＋INBF had the highest positive detection rate with 10.32%, followed by MP＋LP （2.77%）, MP＋LP＋INBF （2.01%）, MP＋ADV （0.96%）. Positive rate of 6-12 months of children （52.36%） was significantly higher than that of 3-6 months of children （P 〈 0.05）. Positive rate of 1-3 years of children （85.45%） was significantly higher than that of 3-6 months of children and 6-12 months of children （P 〈 0.05）. In the 1047 cases of respiratory infection samples, etiological examination of the pharyngeal swab showed that positive patients were 476 cases, and the positive detection rate was 45.46%. Among them, RSV had the highest positive detection rate with 19.87%, the proportion was 0.44, followed by RHV, RBOV, ADV. Positive rate （48.21%） of children in 6-12 months and composition ratio （0.40） were significantly higher than those of children in 3-6 months （P 〈 0.05）. Positive rate （75.45%） of children in 1-3 years and composition ratio （0.52） were significantly higher than those of children in 3-6 months and 6-12 months （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion For respiratory tract infection in children in autumn and winter of our hospital, respiratory tract infection and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are the most common. It had a higher positive rate for children in 1-3 years.