一体化生物加工过程生产乙醇的研究进展

Progress in bioethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing

一体化生物加工过程(consolidated bioprocessing,CBP)指通过对理想底盘微生物的开发和利用来实现一步转化木质纤维素为生物产品的生物加工程序。本文回顾了一体化生物加工过程的研究背景,简述了其开发理念和技术路线,全面综述了近年来该技术在转化木质纤维素生产二代生物乙醇研究中的不同策略及最新的研究进展。分析了CBP系统中自然菌株、重组菌株和共培养菌株在转化木质纤维素生产生物乙醇时的优点和瓶颈因素。研究了基因工程、代谢工程等工程手段和技术在克服此技术中的阻碍性因素及提升乙醇得率等方面的应用价值和潜力。最后,论述了组学及合成生物学等新兴生物技术对CBP生物乙醇的贡献和二代生物乙醇的商业化发展现状及CBP乙醇未来所面临的机遇与挑战。

Consolidated bioprocessing（CBP）,refers to bioprocessing by exploitation and utilization of ideal chassis microorganisms to directly convert lignocellulose into bioproducts in one processing. The research background,development concepts and technology roadmaps of the CBP were briefly introduced in this paper. Subsequently,we comprehensively reviewed the different strategies and the recent research progress in CBP lignocellulose to second generation bioethanol production. Then,the advantages and bottleneck factors of the native,recombinant and co-culture strains used in CBP bioethanol fermentation were analyzed. The genetic engineering,metabolic engineering and other techniques＇ application value and potential for overcoming the barrier factors of CBP bioethanol production and increasing bioethanol yield were assessed. Ultimately,this review provided a brief commentary on the contribution of emerging biotech,such as ‘omics＇ and synthetic biology and on CBP bioethanol production and the recent conditions of the lignocellulosic bioethanol production toward commercialization scale,as well as opportunities and challenges in the future.