船舶尾气脱硫脱硝技术研究进展

Review on desulfurization and denitration technologies for ship exhaust gas treatment

远洋船舶燃烧低品质重油所释放的尾气中,NO_x与SO_x等有害成分比例高,严重威胁海洋的生态环境和沿海居民健康。本文介绍了现有国内外船舶尾气后处理技术的分类、原理及优缺点,综述了船舶尾气脱硫、脱硝和脱硫脱硝一体化处理技术的研究进展,认为现有的大部分船舶尾气后处理技术去除污染物成分单一,不能高效地实现船舶尾气污染物的减排,研究脱硫脱硝一体化处理技术是实现船舶尾气高效治理的发展方向,但是高效低能耗的一体化处理技术目前仍然处于探索与实验阶段。通过分析脱硫脱硝一体化技术面临的瓶颈问题,指出光催化技术和低温等离子体技术近年来虽得到了巨大的发展,但因成本高且安全问题难以保证尚无法在实船应用;改性海水法则凭借处理效率高、占用船舱面积小,成本较低等优势,未来在船舶尾气综合治理方面具有良好的发展前景。

NOx and SOx,which account for high proportions in the exhaust gas of ocean ships burning low quality heavy oil,result in threats to the marine ecological environment and the health of residents in the coastal area. In this paper,various types of post-treatment technologies for purification of marine exhaust were introduced,and their main advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. The techniques of desulfurization,denitration,and desulfurization-denitration integrated technology for the control of ship exhaust gas pollutants emission,were reviewed. It is concluded that,in practice,the current post-treatment technologies which can only treat a single pollutant was not suitable for effective marine exhaust emission reduction,while the desulfurization-denitration integrated technology would be the main direction which can achieve the comprehensive treatment of ship exhaust gas currently. The future direction of marine exhaust post-treatment technology development is still being explored. There are two main bottlenecks of the desulfurization-denitration integrated technology. First,although low temperature plasma and photocatalysis which were developed in recent years show great potentials,the high cost and security concerns still hinder their applications in ships. On the other hand,sea water modification method which shows high treatment efficiency,small foot print and lower cost,may become one of the most promising methods in the effective treatment of ship exhaust gas in the future.