德国“卓越大学计划”探析及启示

An Exploratory Study of Germany's “Excellent Initiative” in Higher Education

德国"卓越大学计划"是德国为了应对激烈的国际竞争、发展本国大学和顶尖研究而实施的改革举措。纵观计划全局,"卓越大学计划"具有项目设计的层次性,评估机制的合理性,资助对象的流动性、项目分布的差异性等特点,其对我国"双一流"建设工作的借鉴是:坚持人才培养的中心地位,做好"双一流"建设顶层设计,构建积极长效的评审工作机制,建立完善的参与和退出机制,重视地区和校际之间的教育公平。

The ＂Excellent Initiative＂ is a programme launched by Germany in 2006 to advance the development of its homegrown universities and boost its research on how to make top-listed universities in the context of fierce international competition. It is characterized by hierarchy in project design, rationality in evaluation, liquidity in funding direction, and disparities in project distribution, which provides good implication to China＇s ＂double first-class＂ practice in education. The authors argue that efforts can be done in the areas of adherence to the focal position of talents training, quality top-design, effective long-term review mechanism, complete entry and exit mechanism, and regional and intercollegiate educational equality.