意大利蝗交配行为观察

Observation on mating behaviors of Calliptamus italicus(Orthoptera:Acrididae)

通过昆虫行为观测仪与室外饲养观察,分析意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus的交配行为,阐明交配经历和温度对意大利蝗交配持续时间的影响。结果发现:(1)意大利蝗的交配行为包括相遇和交配两个阶段。相遇行为包括避让、打斗和交配3种类型,其中打斗多发生在雄雄相遇、雄虫与一对正在交配成虫相遇情况。避让和交配则多发生在雌雌相遇、雌雄相遇、雌虫与一对正在交配成虫相遇情况。雄虫在交配过程中占据主动。意大利蝗的交配行为包括曲腹、爬背、抱对和交配4个过程,平均时间为11.25±1.40 min。(2)雌雄虫初次交配的持续时间(12.88±0.67 min)显著长于雌雄虫均有交配经历的时间(10.47±0.39 min)(P<0.05);初次交配雌虫和有交配经历雄虫的交配持续时间(11.00±0.75 min),与初次交配雄虫和有交配经历雌虫的时间(12.12±0.67 min)无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)随温度升高意大利蝗的交配持续时间缩短,27℃时交配持续时间最长(15.93±2.25 min),且与36℃、42℃时的时间差异显著(P<0.05),42℃时的交配持续时间最短,为6.01±0.43 min,与36℃时的时间(7.47±0.52 min)差异不显著(P>0.05)。

This paper aims to explore the mating behaviors and effects of the mating experience and temperature on copulation duration of Calliptamus italicus. Mating behavior of C. italicus was analyzed by field observation and using insect behavior observation instrument and copulation duration was measured under different temperatures（27℃,36℃,42℃）. Results showed that mating behavior of C. italicus included both meeting and mating. Meeting behavior included the avoidance,fighting and mating. Thefighting behavior occurred when two males met or a male met a pair of mating adults. The avoidance or mating behavior would occur when two females met,a male met a female or a female met a pair of mating adults. Mating behavior of C. italicus included four phases,i. e. males bending abdomen,climbing on female＇s back,genitalia contacting and mating. Mating behavior of C. italicus lasted 11. 25 ± 1. 40 min. The copulation duration for virgin females and males（12. 88 ± 0. 67 min） was significantly longer than thatfor multiple mated females and males（10. 47 ± 0. 39 min）（P〈0. 05）; The copulation duration for virgin females and multiple mated males（11. 00 ± 0. 75 min） was not significantly longer than that for virgin males and multiple mated females（11. 00 ± 0. 75 min）（P〉0. 05）. The copulation duration shortened as temperatures went up. The duration at 27℃（15. 93 ± 2. 25 min） was the longest and was significantly longer than at other temperatures（P〈0. 05）. The duration at 42℃（6. 01 ± 0. 43 min） was the shortest,but there was not significantly different between 42℃ and 36℃（7. 47 ± 0. 52 min）（P〉0. 05）. Results could help us understand the mating behavior and provide a theoretical reference for the integrated management of C. italicus.