论中医整脊学科的创立与展望

Discussion on the establishment and prospect of the subject of TCM spinal orthopedics

中医整脊学科是运用中医原创思维研究人体脊柱系统功能解剖、运动力学,用手法为主的中医疗法调整气血、筋骨,使气血协调并恢复或改善脊柱力学平衡以防治脊柱劳损病的学科。中医整脊科以"一圆一说两论",即脊柱四维弯曲体圆运动规律、脊柱圆筒枢纽学说、脊柱轮廓平行四边形平衡理论和椎曲论为基本理论,按照《中医整脊常见病诊疗指南》的标准进行规范实施,以理筋、调曲、练功为三大治疗原则,用正脊调曲、针灸推拿、内外用药和功能锻炼四大疗法,在整体观和辨证思维指导下,实施"以人为本"的"医患合作、动静结合、筋骨并重、内外兼治、上病下治、下病上治、腹病治脊、腰病治腹"八大措施以防治脊柱劳损病。因此,与美国脊骨神经医学不同,与中西医结合治疗软组织损伤和脊柱推拿有别。中医整脊学科的研究在本世纪取得了突破性进展,文章主要阐述中医整脊学科的创立背景、过程及对中医整脊学科未来的展望。

TCM spinal orthopedics is a discipline that using TCM theory mainly with manipulation based on original thinking of TCM studying the human spinal system functional anatomy and the spine movement mechanics, to regulate Qi and blood, the tendon and muscle and bone for their balance of the spinal mechanics for prevention and treatment of the various spine disorders. The theoretical basis of TCM spinal orthopedics is as follow： four-direction bending structure with circular motion law of spine, theory of spinal cylinders and pivots, spinal contour parallelogram equilibrium theory, spinal curvatures theory. According to the Guidelines for standards operating on the common disease diagnosis and treatment methods of TCM spinal orthopedics with three therapeutic principles of Li-Jin（regulate the tendon and muscle）, Tiao-Qu（Adjust the curvature of the spine） and Lian-Gong（Exercise therapy） by using four methods of spinal bone-setting and adjustment of spinal curvature, tuina, acupuncture and moxibustion, internal and external medicine, functional exercise, under the guidance of the overall view and dialectical thinking, the eight people-oriented measures of ‘doctor-patient cooperation, static and dynamic combination, treating diseases of internal origin by applying treatment in the external area, treating disease of the abdomen by applying treatment in the spine, and treating diseases of the back by applying treatment in the abdomen＇ to prevent and treat the disease of spinal disorders. Therefore, it is unlike the chiropractic in United States and differs from the combination of TCM and western medicine in treatment of soft tissue injury and spinal manipulation. The researches on TCM spinal orthopedics have made a breakthrough in this century. This article mainly expounds background and process of the establishment of this discipline, as well as the outlook for the future.