明清医家头痛证治思想探析

Analysis of physicians' academic thoughts of treating headache in Ming-Qing Dynasty

通过系统梳理明清时期的医籍文献,探析著名医家对头痛观点的论述,发现此期医家已形成了从病因到证治较为全面的认识。在病因病机方面,外感、内伤及伤酒食等杂病均可诱发头痛;在辨证分型方面,充分运用内伤外感辨证、脏腑辨证、八纲辨证、气血津液辨证等方法,使得头痛的辨证分型更加详细;在治疗方面,其治疗方法及手段也越来越丰富。可见,明清医家通过"审是病因,更察兼症",辨别阴阳、表里、寒热、虚实,利用清、宣、补、泻之法治疗头痛,形成了"理、法、方、药"一套完整的理论体系。

To explore academic thoughts of ancient famous clinicians, ancient literatures about headache in MingQing dynasties were systemically reviewed, and it was found that they had made fully understanding of headache from the etiology, syndromes to therapies. In terms of etiology and pathogenesis, some miscellaneous diseases including exopathy, internal injury as well as drinking and eating could spark headache. In terms of syndrome differentiation, different means were applied to make syndrome differentiation of headache more detailed, including syndrome differentiation of exogenous and internal injuries,syndrome differentiation of zang-fu viscera, syndrome differentiation of eight principles, syndrome differentiation of qiblood-body fluid etc. Then as for the treatment, the treatment methods of headache were gradually enriched. Through ‘trial is the cause, more observation about syndromes＇, Ming-Qing physicians distinguished yin and yang, exterior and interior, cold and heat, deficiency and excess, and treated headache with the methods of clearing, ventilating, reinforcing and purging; therefore, a complete set of theoretical system of headache- ‘principle, regulation, prescription, medicine＇ was formed.