张介宾“养生家必当以脾胃为先”的学术思想研究

Study of ‘spleen and stomach are foundation of health maintenance' from ZHANG Jie-bin's academic thought

张介宾勤习《黄帝内经》,承其脾胃的生理功能及养生原则;十分推崇张仲景"脾旺不受邪"的学术思想、李杲"脾胃为滋养元气之源"的学术思想、薛己"人以脾胃为本"的学术思想,认为胃气即为元气,创"养生家必当以脾胃为先"的学术思想。张介宾根据"五脏互藏"的学术观点,深入挖掘脾胃在五脏系统中的重要作用,提出了"调脾胃以安五脏"的防病治病思路;根据脾胃虚弱乃病机关键、顾护脾胃能促运化行药力、病后据胃气强弱判断预后的观点,强调脾胃之气在养生治病中的重要意义,并以慎饮食、畅情志、适劳役的方法调护脾胃以养生防病。

The academic thought of ‘spleen and stomach are foundation of health maintenance＇ was initially put forward by ZHANG Jie-bin, who conformed to the physiological function of spleen and stomach and principles of health maintenance in Huangdi Neijing, and greatly advocated several famous academic thoughts about the spleen and stomach including ‘noninvaded when spleen vigorous in four seasons＇ from ZHANG Zhong-jing, ‘spleen and stomach is the root of vigour＇ fromLI Gao, and ‘spleen and stomach are fundamental in human＇ form XUE Ji. Meanwhile, ZHANG Jie-bin regarded the stomach qi as the primordial qi. According to ‘five internal organs mutual communication＇, ZHANG Jie-bin deeply explored the important role of spleen and stomach in five zang system, and put forward the disease prevention and treatment thought that the treatment of spleen and stomach was aiming at protecting the five zang. The weaknesses of spleen and stomach was the crucial pathogenesis in the process of illness; the efficacy of a drug will be improved when the spleen and stomach were well nursed; whether the stomachqi was strong or weak played an important role in the prognosis. Based on the three points above, ZHANG Jie-bin emphasized the significance of spleen and stomach qi in health maintenance and clinical treatment. Additionally, he gave some suggestions for nursing the spleen and stomach such as reasonable diet, smooth mood, and appropriate labor.