妊娠期糖尿病的发病社会环境因素分析

Analysis of social and environmental factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

目的调查妊娠期糖尿病的发病社会环境因素,为预防妊娠期糖尿病提供参考。方法 2015年1月~2016年6月采用回顾性抽样调查的方法于桂林市妇女儿童医院（以下简称＂我院＂）进行孕期检查的孕妇中筛查出200例妊娠期糖尿病患者为病例组,同期抽取在我院进行孕期检查的400例正常孕妇为对照组,记录两组的人口学特征与社会环境状况,进行妊娠期糖尿病发病的因素分析。结果病例组的年龄、孕期增长体重、孕前体重都明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。病例组孕妇的子痫前期、早产、羊水污染与妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症等发病率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。病例组围生儿的胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、新生儿低血糖、新生儿颅内出血等发病率也明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。单因素条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,不进行优生检测、不定期孕检、吸烟、夫妻双方受教育水平、家庭和睦与妊娠期糖尿病发病密切相关（P〈0.05）;多因素条件性Logistic回归法结果显示,不进行优生检测、不定期孕检、吸烟为导致妊娠期糖尿病发病的主要社会环境因素（P〈0.05）。结论社会环境因素在妊娠期糖尿病的发病中起到重要作用,不进行优生检测、不定期孕检、吸烟为主要的危险因素,可增加孕妇与围生儿不良结局概率。

Objective To investigate the social environment factors of gestational diabetes mellitus, in order to provide reference for the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Retrospective investigation and sampling survey method was used. From January 2015 to June 2016, 200 gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women in Women and Children＇s Hospital of Guilin City（＂our hospital＂ for short） were selected as the case group, and 400 normal pregnant women were selected in our hospital as the control group at the same time. All the pregnant women were given the investigation of demographic characteristics and social environment condition for the gestational gestational diabetes risk factors analysis. Results The age, pregnancy weight gain, pre pregnancy weight in the case group were significantly higher than the control group（P〈0.05）. The incidence rates of preeclampsia, premature birth, amniotic fluid contamination and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. The incidence rates of fetal distress, fetal distress, neonatal hypoglycemia and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. Single factor conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that no eugenics test, non-regular pregnancy test, smoking, education level of couple, family harmony were closely related with the gestational diabetes mellitus（P〈0.05）. Conditional Logistic regression showed that no eugenics test, non-regular pregnancy test, smoking were the main social environment factors of the gestational diabetes mellitus（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The social environment factors play important role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes, no eugenics test,non-regular pregnancy test, smoking are the the main risk factors, which can increase the probability of adverse outcomes of pregnant women and perinatal infants.