美日灾害废墟管理政策及启示

Insight Drawn from the American and Japanese Disaster Debris Management Policies

废墟管理的全局性和复杂性决定了其政策安排的必要性和系统性,科学构建灾害废墟的政策议题和政策框架是因应灾害废墟管理现实挑战的重要措施。美国和日本在废墟管理领域具备丰富的实践经验和较为完备的政策体系,通过对美日废墟管理政策在政策演化、主体角色和政策方案等三个层面的分析研究和对比,可以获得对废墟管理问题界定、框架设计、协调运作等方面的规范性理解,并为我国废墟管理在政策路向、规划制定、主体角色、预防评估、政策弹性及公众的理解和参与等方面提供有益的借鉴,进而促进我国废墟管理战略的开发和实施。

The inclusiveness and complexity of disaster debris management have justified the necessity of making a systematic and scientific policy for it. Making systematic and scientific disaster debris management policies and policy frameworks is one of the important countermeasures to cope with the challenges coming from the real world. Japan and the US have accumulated rich experience in disaster debris management and developed systematic policies. Through analyzing and comparing the evolution, execution and planning of the Japanese and American disaster debris management policies, this paper hopes to help achieve a normative understanding of how to identify problems, how to design a framework and how to co-ordinate operations, so that references might be drawn for China in policy orientation, strategy making, execution fulfillment, prevention assessment, policy flexibility and public involvement. It suggests that strategies should be explored and implemented for disaster debris management in China.