战国诸子著作的“三言”模式及其孔子形象的“重言”意味

Three Word Style in the Thinkers' Works of the Warring States Period and the Implications of Confucian Randomness

《庄子》称其文由"寓言、重言、巵言"构成。其实战国子书大都具有《庄子》所说的"三言"模式。只是不同的子书中,三言所占的比例不同而已。诸子三言之体其实在史传文学中也有对应的形式。这是因为,诸子著作与史传文学一样都受到史官文化的影响。在战国子书中,有一个不约而同的倾向,就是孔子或多或少是作为"重言"的角色出现的。战国诸子大多借孔子故事和孔子之言以自重,或者让孔子成为其学说的代言人。这是因为,孔子在战国时期已极具影响力。同时,孔子是儒家学派的创始人,而儒家学派又是争鸣、论战的百家之一。孔子的这种二重身份使其在诸子著作中成为复杂多变的形象。

Zhuangzi is known as composed of three parts： fable, randomness and tautology. Actually most of the thinkers＇ books in the Warring States period are known for＂three word＂lines; their difference only lies in the proportion of three word lines. The three word line style can also be found in historical and biographical works. The reason is that both these thinkers＇ as well as historical and biographical works are influenced by historiographer cultures. In the thinkers＇ books of the Warring States period, Confucius is more or less portrayed as the representative of randomness. They either quote Confucius＇ stories or words to build their own credits or they directly use Confucius as the spokesman of their doctrines. This indicates that as the founder of the Confucian school, Confucius is very influential in the Warring States period, and at the same time, Confucian school is also one of the hundred schools of thoughts and controversies. The duel identities enjoyed by Confucius makes him a complicated and changeable character in the thinkers＇ writings of the Warring States period.