犹太教拉比法学中的希腊化因素

Hellenistic Elements in the Rabbinic Law

在传统意义上,正统犹太教徒认为,拉比们所使用的解经方法和由此得出的结论都属于西奈山传统。这种对于律法传统的忠实,给后来的拉比解释学带来了无尽的困难,尤其是经历了放逐之后的犹太人会面对大量的新问题,而这些问题又不能为传统律法的字面意思所涵盖。为了应对这些新的困难,由此便诞生了两种解经趋向:一种是以斐洛为代表的"寓意解经法";一种则是以希勒尔拉比为代表的"解经七则"。这两者当中共同的希腊化因素值得考察。

Traditionally,orthodox Jews believed that the interpretative methods used by Rabbis and the verdicts concluded from them both belonged to the Sinaitic origin:God revealed all the laws and relative interpretative methods to Moses during the forty days in which Moses stayed with him,and Moses transmitted them to Joshua orally,Joshua then transmitted them to the elders and so on to the Rabbis. The fidelity to the legalistic tradition brought many difficulties to the later rabbinic hermeneutics,especially after the exile,when the Jews faced many new problems,and these problems couldn't be covered by the literal meaning of the traditional law. In response to these new difficulties,two exegetical trends arose,one was the' Allegorical Interpretation' represented by Philo,and the other was the' seven norms of interpretation' represented by Hillel.