南方稻作梯田区居民点空间格局及影响因素分析——以湖南省新化县水车镇为例

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factor of Rural Settlement in South China's Rice Terrace: A Case Study of Shuiche Town of Xinhua County in Hunan Province

以作为典型南方稻作梯田的湖南省新化县紫鹊界梯田为研究对象,利用高分辨率遥感影像,提取了梯田区居民点、河流、道路、林地、耕地等信息,获得了梯田区居民点分布格局,采用景观格局指数分析方法,分析了居民点空间格局特征,并结合地形数据,分析了坡度、坡向、河流、耕地分布、城镇位置和交通条件等对居民点空间格局的影响。结果显示,坡度、河流、距耕地距离、距城镇距离、交通条件等因素对居民点的分布影响显著,居民点倾向于分布在海拔较低、坡度平缓地区,沿河流、道路分布明显,且距城镇距离越近,居民点分布越多越集中。

The research on patterns of rural settlements plays a significant role in understanding human-land relationship in traditional agriculture. As a typical area representing traditional agriculture, Ziquejie Rice Terrace at Shuizhe Town in Xinhua County of Hunan Province has been selected as our study area. Using high-resolution remote sensing images, this study extracts geo- information of rural settlements, rivers, roads, forests, and farmlands, from which the patterns of rural settlements in this terrace area have been developed. According to the landscape pattern index, the study has analyzed the characteristics of rural settlement patterns. And influences on the patterns have been measured with terrain data, including gradients, trends of slope, distance to rivers, distribution of farmlands, distance to towns, and transportation. The result of this paper shows that there is a significant influence on patterns of rural settlements by gradients, transportation, and distance to rivers, farmlands and towns. The rural settlements tend to be located in areas with lower altitude, gentle slope and shorter distance to rivers and roads. What＇s more, the closer the distance to the towns, the more concentrated the rural settlements are grouped.