河北临城县核桃春季低温冻害气候特征分析

The Characteristic Analysis of Walnut Spring Freeze Injury in Linchen County, Hebei Province

该文利用临城县国家气象站1960~2016年气象资料,分析该地核桃冻害发生主要时段、频率及最低气温变化规律及特征。结果表明：1核桃春季冻害发生主要时段为3月20日~4月20日,轻微冻害发生集中在3月下旬,轻度、中度冻害发生集中在4月上中旬。21960~2016年达到冻害气象指标日数21d,其中轻微冻害、轻度冻害、中度冻害分别占57.1%、33.3%、9.7%。31960~2016年3月下旬最低气温〈-2℃日数共计37d,年均0.63d,1960~2016年4月上中旬〈0℃日数共计14d,年均0.28d。43月下旬最低气温呈明显升高趋势,上升速率为0.4℃/10a,3月下旬最低气温2000年前后发生突变,核桃冻害发生风险降低。

Using the observation data of the Lincheng County National meteorological Station during 1960 ~2016, the main occurring period, frequency and the lowest temperature changes and characteristics of spring freeze injury in Walnut are studied. It is found（1）spring freeze injury in Walnut occurs mainly between March 20 and April 20. Slight-freeze injury mainly occurs during the last ten-day of March mild-freeze injury and moderate-freeze injury mainly occurs during first ten days or middle ten days of April;（2）the numbers of days up to freeze injury reached 23 days during 1960-2016,and Slightfreeze injury was 57.1%,mild-freeze injury was 33.3%,moderate-freeze injury was 9.7%.（3）the days of minimum temperature-2℃in late march were 37 d with annual average 0.63 d during 1960~2016. the days of lowest temperature -0℃ in early20 days of October in late march were 14 d with annual average 0.28 d during 1960~2016.（4）The lowest temperature in late march was increased significant with a rising rate of 0.4℃/10 a,it shows that 1980 is a jump point of air temperature discontinuity by abrupt change analysis; it reduced the risk of freeze injury during walnut flowering and leaf-expansion stage.