功能性构音障碍儿童韵母发音分析

Property analysis of the finals mispronunciation in Chinese-speaking children with functional articulation disorder

目的 了解功能性构音障碍（FAD）患儿韵母发声错误特征,提高医生对其诊断水平.方法 回顾性收集2013年1至12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心神经内科门诊就诊的发音障碍患儿90例,均符合FAD诊断标准,检测工具为构音障碍评定量表和语音学教程普通话韵母表,其中发生韵母错误者22例（男17例、女5例）,平均年龄为（6.56 ±0.26）岁,按照6种不同韵母（单韵母、前响复韵母、中响复韵母、后响复韵母、舌尖鼻韵母、舌根鼻韵母）分类方法,对错误韵母的错音数、错误率及构成比进行统计.结果 90例FAD患儿中发生韵母错误者比例为24％（22例）;韵母错音总数为362个;6种韵母（单韵母、前响复韵母、中响复韵母、后响复韵母、舌尖鼻韵母、舌根鼻韵母）省略性、替代性错误发生率依次为：3％ （4/132）、30％ （26/88）、26％ （23/88）、7％（8/110）、73％（128/176）和73％（112/154）.省略和替代后实发韵母中以上6种韵母的构成比分别为50％（150/301）、3％（10/301）、5％（14/301）、36％（107/301）、2％（5/301）和5％（15/301）.省略性、替代性和歪曲性错误的错误率分别为：37％（273/748）、4％（28/748）和8％（61/748）.结论 FAD患儿存在韵母发声错误;韵母错误方式以省略性错误为主;鼻韵母错误率最高,前响、中响复韵母次之;省略和替代后的实发韵母主要为单韵母和后响复韵母;在制定和实施康复计划时注意韵母错误特征.

Objective To characterize the finals mispronunciation in Chinese-speaking children with functional articulation disorder （FAD）,in order to promote the standardized diagnosis.Method A retrospective study was conducted.From January to December 2013,90 FAD children,diagnosed by Dysarthria Rating Scale and Mandarin Finals scale,were included in this study.Among them,22 were found to have finals mispronunciation;the average age was （6.56 ± 0.26） years.According to the finals classification,six different finals （simple finals,front vowel compound finals,central vowel compound finals,back vowel compound finals,anterior nasal finals,and posterior nasal finals） were defined;the produced sound samples of those subjects were analyzed.Result In all these children,22 of 90 （24%）were found having finals mispronunciation,the occurring rates of which with omission and substitution errors were：3% （4/132） for simple finals,30% （26/88） for front vowel compound finals,26% （23/88） for central vowel compound finals,7% （8/110） for back vowel compound finals,73% （128/176） for anterior nasal finals and 73% （112/154） for posterior nasal finals,respectively.In omission and substitution errors,the ratios of the finals above were 50% （150/301）,3% （10/301）,5% （14/301）,36% （107/301）,2% （5/301） and 5% （15/301）,respectively.The most frequently occurred mispronunciation were omission,substitution and distortion,with rates of 37% （273/748）,4% （28/748） and 8% （61/748）,respectively.Conclusion The FAD children have rcmarkable mispronunciation of finals.Omission is the main error.The nasal finals are the most commonly involved,followed by front vowel and central vowel compound finals.The simple finals and the back vowel compound finals are most commonly produced in omission and substitution.These finals production features should be considered when making and implementing rehabilitation programs.